纬度和海拔二维因素对云南烤烟农艺性状的影响

摘要

[Objective] Flue-cured tobacco had been widely planted in Yunnan province.The distribution of the latitude and altitude could cause significant difference of growth stages and agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco.The papers reviewed and analyzed on major tobacco' s varieties adaptability with the latitude and altitude gradient change.[Method] A series of experiments had been set to investigate agronomic traits of Yunyan87,K326,HongDa,major tobacco cultivar in Yunnan province with 23 °-27 ° north latitude and 1200-2200 m elevation.[Result] The results showed that with the latitude increasing,tobacco' s growth stage,number of leaves,leaf area and the yield of main cultivated varieties was in the trend of first increased then decreased.Mainly tobacco cultivated varieties had better agronomy character around 25°north latitude.The effect of altitudinal patterns was greatly on the earlier stage of growth periods of tobacco.The reducing order of agronomic traits was at moderate altitude area ＞ high altitude area ＞ low altitude area.[Conclusion] Integrated study indicated that 24°-26° north latitude was adaptable range with the optimum traits of 25°north latitude.The overall potential for high-end tobacco was forecast to improve dramatically in the region of 25°north latitude.%[目的]云南烤烟种植分布广泛,纬度和海拔的分布可能导致烤烟生育期和生长农艺性状的差异,为了探讨不同品种烤烟随纬度、海拔的梯度变化而产生的适应性变化.[方法]本研究通过试验对比云南中烟主栽烤烟品种(云87、K326、红大)在北纬23° ～27°、海拔1200～2200 m区域内烤烟农艺性状,分析烤烟生长与纬度、海拔分布之间的关系.[结果]随着纬度增加,不同品种烤烟的生育期、叶片数、叶面积、产量均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,北纬25°烤烟农艺性状表现好.海拔分布主要影响烤烟生长的前期阶段,不同海拔分布下,烤烟农艺性状总体表现为中海拔＞高海拔＞低海拔.[结论]综合研究表明,云南烟区北纬24°～ 26°适宜烤烟生长,其中北纬25°中海拔烤烟农艺性状表现最好,具有生产高端烟叶潜力.