西南传统乡土聚落景观的民居景观变迁研究

摘要

Five representative historical villages in southwest China were investigated to show how their folk houses landscapes had changed during the last decade, which involving the change of its layout in the village, resident unit, attached spaces and construction material. This article provides an analysis of the dialectical relationship between reservation practices and restless landscape of folk houses from a diachronic perspective, which verifies the shortcomings of the heritage protection programs of historical villages in Southwest China. The results indicate：（1） There is a similar tendency of the 5 villages disregarding of its time, depending on the degree of protection. （2） Ease of access and protect attention bring modernization to the folk houses in the villages. Tourism would affect the direction of the change of the folk houses. （3） All kinds of changes of the folk houses could affect the continuous development of the traditional heritage. （4） Villages with lower protection show erratic tendency in the change of the folk houses. However, for the village with higher protection practice, there shows district difference in the change of the folk houses.%以我国西南地区的几个传统乡土聚落的实例追踪调研为基础,深入剖析了近十年来西南传统乡土聚落中的民居景观的总体布局、居住单元、附属空间和建筑材料的变迁历史与趋势,并将其与同时期发生的保护行为等进行相关分析。结果表明：西南传统乡土聚落的民居景观变迁在不同村寨中均表现出较为相似的变化方向,由于受关注程度和保护级别的差异,村寨之间存在时差先后的分布特点;便利的交通条件和较强的保护关注程度会推进民居建筑的现代性变迁,而旅游介入因子的强弱会影响民居景观变迁的方向;民居建筑的各种变化趋势与村寨的传统性延续之间存在一定矛盾;保护级别较低的村寨的民居景观的变迁容易发生突变,而保护级别较高的村寨民居景观变迁会呈现出村寨内部范围的区域差异性。