The single cylinder Diesel engine 186FA is the model engine in this paper. Essentials of structural design about the model engine which should be low specific mass, low emission, low noise, low fuel consumption, high reliability and be satisfied for mobile usage are discussed. Combustion process optimization is the key method for achieving low emission and fuel consumption in connection with the model engine's structural, usage and production cost characteristics. According to requests from rotary cultivators and so on, a speed governor with excess fuel device when starting the engine and torque limiter is designed, and pointing out that the value of stroke correction of fuel fork is the key point assuring that the torque reserve coefficient is up to standard and smoke is not worse. The testing results show that the designed model engine is meeting the relative standards for the advanced second generation single cylinder Diesel engine and mobile usage diesel engine.%本研究以186FA柴油机为样机,探讨了比质量小、低排放、低噪声、低油耗、高可靠性且满足移动用途的单缸风冷柴油机结构设计的要点,针对单缸柴油机结构、用途及制造成本的特点分析得出缸内燃烧过程的精细组织是实现低排放、低油耗的关键.根据配套微耕机等移动用途要求,设计了带起动加浓和扭矩校正的油量限制器,指出校正行程值是保证扭矩储备达标和防止烟度超标的关键要素.所研发的186FA柴油机试验结果表明完全符合先进的第二代单缸柴油机的特征指标和移动用内燃机的考核要求.
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