经典的卤代类吸入麻醉药如氟烷等有肝、肾毒性的报告。但最近的研究证实，卤代类吸入麻醉药可对损害的脏器起到明显的保护作用。因此，对卤代类吸入麻醉药究竟是有肝、肾毒性还是保护作用存在着争论。新型卤代类吸入麻醉药因代谢率低，在体内产生的有损害作用的代谢产物的量很少，故引起肝、肾损害的几率几乎可以忽略。卤代类吸入麻醉药对不同脏器的保护机制各异，其中保肝、护肺作用主要通过抑制炎症反应实现，对心脏的保护作用则主要通过激活某些信号蛋白而产生。卤代类吸入麻醉药的脏器保护和损害作用是相对的，即保护是对已损害脏器的保护，而损害是对正常脏器的损害。此外，卤代类吸入麻醉药的脏器保护和损害作用均有一定的时效性，损害是暂时的、有自限性的，保护同样是短期的而不是永久的。%The classical halogenated inhalation anesthetics such as halothane may have liver and kidney toxicity based on some clinical reports. Recent studies have conifrmed that halogenated inhalation anesthetics can damage or protect organs, so there is a debate in halogenated inhalation anesthetics resulting in liver and kidney damage or protection. Probability for new halogenated inhalation anesthetics causing liver and kidney damage is almost negligible because its metabolic rate is low and the amount of the harmful metabolites produced in vivo is a little. The protection of halogenated inhalation anesthetics to different organs had different mechanisms, in which its protection to liver and lung is mainly realized by inhibiting the inflammatory reactions while its protection to heart is mainly achieved by activating certain signaling proteins. In brief, its protection and damage to organs are relative, the so-called protection is the protection to the damaged organs, and the so-called damage is the damage to the normal organs. Additionally, its damage and protection all have certain timeliness, that is the damage is temporary and self-limited while the protection is also a short-term rather than permanent.
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