基于GIS的黄土高原生态系统服务价值对土地利用变化的响应及生态补偿

摘要

以黄土高原为研究对象,基于GIS技术,采用土地利用转移矩阵、土地利用动态度方法,研究1985-2005年黄土高原地区土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响以及相应的生态补偿标准.结果表明:1)1985-2005年,黄土高原地区土地利用类型主要为草地和农地,占土地利用方式的75％以上,但农地面积总体在减少,林地面积在不断增加；2)聚落为最活跃的土地利用类型,聚落和湿地+水体呈扩张的发展趋势；3)土地利用变化引起区域生态环境效应,20年间黄土高原地区生态系统服务总价值上涨约0.01％,其中森林增加最多,约为0.09％,农地的生态服务价值下降最多,约为-0.02％,而生态服务功能中,除了与农地和荒漠相关的废物处理和食物生产服务功能下降外,其他生态服务功能均表现为增加；4)根据黄土高原生态系统服务价值,确定该地区的生态补偿标准约为4亿2 732万元.%The Loess Plateau is the most serious soil erosion areas in China, where the land use changes would lead to the various ecological and environmental problems, which has been one of the hot issues around the world. By taking the whole Loess Plateau region as the research object, the land use changes between 1985 and 2005 was studied and the reasons of the changes were analyzed based on GIS technology. The effect of land use changes on the ecosystem service was evaluated quantitatively and an appropriate eco-compensation standard was preliminarily developed. The results show that: 1 ) the main type of land use was grassland and farmland, accounting for over 75% of total land use. Among them, the area of farmland was reducing, and the area of woodland was increasing; 2) Settlement was the most active land use type. Settlement and waterland were expanding between 1985 and 2005 ; 3 ) Land use changes impacted the regional eco-environmental effects. The total value of ecosystem services rose 0. 01% , in which woodland had the biggest increase about 0. 09% and the largest decline occurred in farmland about 0. 02% . The total ecosystem services of the Loess Plateau were increasing, except the values of waste treatment and food production relating with farmland and wilderness; 4) According to the values of ecosystem services of Loess Plateau, the eco-compensation standard was 427. 32 million yuan.