人力资本、配置效率及全要素生产率变化

摘要

考虑到人力资本的异质性，本文将劳动分为低技能劳动和人力资本，利用随机前沿超越对数生产函数模型测算了中国1997—2012年30个省市全要素生产率的变化。在引入要素价格的基础上，借助 Kumbhakar 模型对全要素生产率变化进行分解后发现：（1）配置效率不高制约了全要素生产率的增长；（2）配置效率表现出物质资本和劳动低配，人力资本高配；（3）报酬结构调整对配置效率改进模拟结果表明改善人力资本配置效率最有利于全要素生产率的增长；（4）发挥人力资本配置效率优势，还需进一步扩大教育规模。%Considering the heterogeneity,the authors divide the total labor into low?skilled labor and human capital, and estimate the TFP of 30 provinces with a stochastic frontier trans?log production function.By using the factor price information and Kumbhakar methods,it is found that,(1 )the allocation efficiency constraints TFP growth;(2)physical capital is up?matched and low allocation efficiency,while human capital is down?matched and high allocation efficiency;(3)by simulating the reward structure,improving human capital allocation efficiency is the best way to the TFP growth;(4)in order to take advantage of human capital allocation efficiency,the scale of education should be further expanded.