State council issued by the State Council in 2013 put forward the suggestion to invest and construct the newly-built railway by classification, and meanwhile defined the definite railway type opened, but only to be found a lack of specific discrimination standard in it. In combination of the features of railway projects for public welfare or benefits, based on the statistical classification of the properties of existing railway’s transport, the paper starts from benefits in sorted investment and construction, makes a preliminary study on the categories and standard of the railway and focuses on the classification of the main and branch lines, profits and nonprofit. It also proposes economic evaluation as a major indicator for the classification of profits and nonprofit, traffic volume, speed target value, road network effect, line connection and line mileage as five main indicators for railway lines.%国发﹝2013﹞33号文提出对新建铁路实行分类投资建设，明确了具体放开的铁路类型，但缺乏具体判别标准。本文结合铁路项目公益性或经营性属性，在对既有铁路根据运输性质进行分类统计研究的基础上，从利于分类投资建设出发，对铁路划分类别及其标准进行初步探讨，重点量化了干、支线分类和经营性公益性分类，提出经营性公益性分类以经济评价作为主要指标，干、支线铁路以在路网中作用、运量、速度目标值、线路连接、线路长度等5个主要指标进行界定。
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