摘要:盾构顶力是盾构始发和接收过程中的主要控制参数。以北京地铁15号线某6 m 盾构直接切削玻璃纤维筋桩工程为背景,采用有限差分软件 FLAC3D 研究分析了盾构始发与接收时不同刀盘正面顶力作用下围护桩体受力以及地表变形规律。研究结果表明:盾构始发中在切割玻璃纤维筋桩体时,若顶力大于10000 kN,会引起地表隆起;盾构接收中在切割玻璃纤维筋桩体围护结构时,由于桩的一侧为临空面,当盾构顶力大于8000 kN 时,会引起桩体发生向临空侧的倒塌破坏,存在一定的安全隐患。该研究对洞口处玻璃纤维筋桩体的设计和盾构安全施工具有较大的指导意义。%The Thrusting force is the main control parameter in the shield launching and receiving.In this paper,the rules of retaining pile stressing and ground surface settlement under different thrusting forces on the cutterhead during shield launching and receiving are studied by means of finite difference FLAC3D software,with the glassfiber reinforced plastic (GFRP)pile cut directly by a 6 m shield machine used in Line No.15 of Beijing Metro as an example.The study results show that:1)Settlement would occur to the ground surface when the thrusting force of shield launching is larger than 10 000 kN.2)The GFRP pile would fall towards the free side when the thrusting force of shield receiving is larger than 8 000 kN.The results can provide guidance for the design of GFPR pile and the safe construction of shield tunneling.
摘要:Microstructural characteristics are the essential reflection of macro phenomenon.Microstructure of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM)waterproof sheet applied to underground engineering is studied by using X-ray CT technology;and the structural properties of pores in the material are discussed.The NaCl solution is prepared to simulate the groundwater environment.The EPDM waterproof sheet in groundwater environment is scanned with micro-CT;the acquired five images are processed with Matlab software;the concept of pore equivalent diameter is introduced and the relevant pore parameters are analyzed.The results show that:1 )There is only little difference among pore parameters of the five images.2)The pore diameters are mainly in the range of 0 -60 μm;and the diameter of 20 μm is the turning point of pore number distribution.3)The large and small pores have a significant effect on pore area distribution.It is proved that the micro-CT is a feasible method for studying microscopic pore characteristics of waterproof material in underground engineering,so as to provide a basis for the farther research on damage mechanism of waterproof material.%微观结构特性是材料宏观现象的本质反映,利用 X 射线 CT 技术对地下工程三元乙丙橡胶防水卷材(EPDM)的微观结构进行研究,探讨该种材料的孔隙结构特性。使用 NaCl 溶液模拟地下水环境,借助显微 CT 设备对地下水环境下的三元乙丙橡胶防水卷材进行扫描,通过 Matlab 软件对所得图像进行处理,并引入孔隙等效直径概念,进行孔隙结构参数的计算和分析。结果表明:所分析二维切片图像的大部分指标值较为接近;孔隙直径分布在0~60μm,直径20μm 是孔隙个数分布规律变化的转折点;较大和较小直径的孔隙对其面积分布有重大贡献。结果证实,利用 X 射线 CT 技术可实现对地下工程防水材料微观孔隙特性的研究,为下一步防水材料损伤机制的研究提供方法基础。
摘要:Metro transfer station is the bridge connected to the urban rail transportation networks;and it plays an impor-tant role in promoting coordinated regional economic development.As a result,the urban rail transfer station is the key to the design.In this paper,the three transfer schemes of Jiangsulu Station of Qingdao Metro is analyzed and compared in terms of the transfer and service functions,auxiliary structure,project feasibility and design characteristics.And then the transfer scheme No.2 is chosen in the end.Meanwhile,the passenger flow is simulated by means of Anylogic simu-lation software,and the transfer route is analyzed quantitatively.Finally,the passenger follow organization mode of“mainly single-direction cycling +double-direction cycling as a supplement”is decided.%地铁换乘站是连接城市轨道交通路网的桥梁,对促进区域经济协调发展有重要作用。因此,城市轨道交通换乘站是全线车站设计的重点。以青岛地铁江苏路站为例,从换乘形式的角度,对3个换乘方案从车站换乘及服务功能、附属设置和工程可行性、设计特色等方面进行了分析和比选,最终选择了方案2。对存在多个通道换乘的方案,客流组织方式的分析也至关重要,以某一方案为例,采用 Anylogic 仿真软件对换乘形式进行了客流仿真,从量化的角度对换乘客流流线进行了分析,最终确定了该方案以单向循环为主、双向循环为辅的换乘客流组织方式。
摘要:某供水工程敞开式 TBM掘进在穿越断层时发生坍塌,刀盘被掌子面坍塌体掩埋,护盾被压住,TBM被困。为安全、快速地使TBM脱困,迅速恢复生产,在脱困过程中首先加固已施工段支护,在保证后方安全的前提下,进行前方掌子面和护盾上部加固,采用化学注浆法固结刀盘前方围岩和护盾上方中管棚超前支护法进行围岩超前支护、加固,然后清除刀盘刮渣孔及切口环内虚渣,使TBM顺利脱困,总用时20.5 d。通过这些方法的使用,达到了 TBM安全快速脱困,迅速恢复生产的目的。%The tunnel boring machine(TBM)is jammed when boring in fault and fracture zones of a water-diversion project.In order to release the TBM safely and rapidly,a series of technologies,i.e.strengthening the support of constructed sections,reinforcing the area ahead the tunneling face and the upper shield of TBM,reinforcing the surrounding rocks ahead the cutterhead by means of chemical grouting method,advance supporting and reinforcing the upper shield by means of pipe roof method and clearing the muck on the cutterhead,are adopted.Finally,the TMB is successfully released after 20.5 days.
摘要:The pipe abrasion of slurry circulation system will lead to an abnormal stop of shield tunneling and construction risk.Therefore,the influencing factors,including slurry material,slurry transportation speed,slurry density and solid particle size,of slurry pipe abrasion of slurry shield used in Line No.10 of Nanjing Metro are studied. And then some effective countermeasures for reducing the pipe abrasion of slurry circulation system are proposed by means of comparison between actual testing results and study results,so as to provide reference for rational design of slurry circulation system by improving the construction efficiency and safety.%泥浆循环系统管路磨损会导致盾构非正常停机,进而影响施工进度并带来安全风险,是泥水盾构施工过程中必须重视的一个问题。结合南京地铁10号线盾构隧道工程实例,针对不同材质、流速、泥浆密度及泥浆中固体颗粒大小等因素对泥浆输送管道的磨损影响进行了研究,通过与实际检测数据对比分析,针对性地提出了减小管路磨损的技术措施,为泥浆循环系统合理化设计、提高施工效率和保证施工安全提供了参考和借鉴。
摘要:目前我国现行工程规范并未对膨胀土(岩)中深基坑工程的膨胀力设计取值给以明确规定,实际设计过程中膨胀力取值方法不一。以成都地铁3号线一期工程膨胀土(岩)范围明挖区间深基坑工程为例,对不同取值情况下设计结果与施工现场实测数据进行对比分析,找出实测值与理论计算值的对应关系,对于既能保证围护结构安全性又兼顾经济性的膨胀力设计值的选用具有较强的指导意义。%The design values of swelling force in the construction of deep foundation pits have not been decided in China’s current technical specifications.In this paper,the comparison between design results of internal force of foundation pit of Phase 1 on Chengdu Metro Line No.3 and site monitoring results is made in terms of different swelling force design values. The relationship between monitoring results and theoretical calculation results is studied.The study resalts can provide guidance for design values of swelling force in construction of deep foundation of similar projects in the future.
摘要:杭州环北地下快速路隧道工程采用大直径(11.58 m)泥水平衡盾构浅覆土斜交下穿既有沪杭高铁桥涵。为确保高铁运营安全,对桥涵沉降进行监测,同时考虑盾构穿越施工阶段隧道所处的复杂环境条件,通过在管片中埋设纵向和环向钢筋应力计,对盾构施工引起的隧道纵向及环向结构响应进行全过程跟踪实测分析。监测结果表明:桥涵最大纵向差异沉降率为0.20‰,最大横向差异沉降率为0.30‰,均在铁路安全控制标准内;在隧道穿越施工过程中,盾构总推力随盾构姿态的变化而变化,并对隧道管片受力和桥涵位移产生明显影响,其中,管片纵向轴力呈现“顶部大,底部小”的趋势,环向弯矩呈现“腰部最大,拱顶、拱底次之,两肩最小”的特点,桥涵倾斜方向也会发生变化。研究成果证明:在大直径泥水盾构穿越施工过程中,为保障施工质量与安全,除了需要对穿越对象进行严格监控之外,对隧道本体进行监控研究也同等重要。%Large diameter (11.58 m)slurry balance shield is used for boring North Huancheng Road underground expressway tunnel crossing underneath existing Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway bridge and culvert.Considering the complex environment the shield tunnel located and the safety of the running of high-speed railway,the longitudinal and circumferential structural responses induced by shield tunneling are monitored by means of longitudinal and circumferential rebar stressmeter.The monitoring results show that:1 )The longitudinal and circumferential differential settlement rates are 0.20‰ and 0.30‰,which can meet the requirement of safe construction of railway.2 )The thrusting force of shield varies with the change of shield attitude and has a significant influence on segment force and displacement of bridge and culvert;the longitudinal axial force of the segment top is larger than that on the segment feet;the circumferential bending moment of the segment waist followed by that of the segment top and that of segment feet;and the circumferential bending moment of the segment shoulder is the smallest.The study results show that the monitoring of the shield tunnel structure is important as well.
摘要:The jet ventilation of Mingtangshan Two-lane Road Tunnel is numerically simulated so as to optimize the spatial layout of ventilation fans;and then the factors for the pressure rise of ventilation fan,i.e.longitudinal distance among fans,setting height of fan and transverse distance among fans,are discussed.The authors suggest that the jet fans should be installed at the position higher than building boundary about 15-30 cm;the transverse distance among fans should be 1 .5-2 times fan diameter;and the longitudinal distance among fans should be larger than 150 m.The computational fluid dynamics (CFD)simulation results show that the jet ventilation fan after optimization can achieve good effect.%为解决2车道公路隧道射流风机的空间布局优化问题,依托明堂山隧道工程,采用以往公路隧道射流风机通风效果数值模拟研究中不同的边界条件,将隧道出入口边界条件均设为大气压强,并不预先给定隧道入口风速大小。对影响射流风机升压力大小的因素,如风机纵向间距、风机布置高度、风机横向间距展开讨论,得到:风机应设在距建筑限界15~30 cm高度处;风机横向净距应设为1.5~2倍风机直径;风机纵向间距应设在150 m以上。明堂山隧道实际风机布置方式所采用的参数均在优化结果范围内,按隧道实际长度及设计射流风机台数建模,模拟结果表明风机在进行优化布局后,隧道通风效果能够达到设计要求。
摘要:隧道沿线溶洞的加固处理是岩溶地层中盾构隧道施工的关键。以广州地铁某区间盾构隧道施工为背景,论述砂土覆盖型岩溶地层中盾构隧道施工面临的主要工程地质风险;由溶洞处理流程入手,从溶洞处理判断标准、注浆填充方案、注浆材料选择以及注浆加固效果检验等方面详细介绍盾构隧道施工中通过地面注浆加固进行溶洞处理。同时,对监测区间内溶洞注浆加固效果以及隧道掘进引起的地面、房屋沉降情况进行监测分析。研究结果表明:溶洞注浆加固效果良好,隧道掘进造成的地面房屋沉降变化平稳,地面注浆加固处理在砂土覆盖型岩溶地层盾构隧道施工中具备一定的工程适用性。%The reinforcement of karst cave is the key to shield tunnelling in karst areas.In this paper,the main geological risks when shield boring in karst strata with sandy soil cover are discussed;and then the ground surface reinforcement technology is introduced in terms of estimation standards of karst treatment,grouting program,grouting materials selection and grouting effect examination.Meanwhile,the grouting effect and the ground surface and building settlement are monitored.The study results show that:1 )The grouting reinforcement has reached good effect.2 )The ground surface and building settlement induced by shield boring varies steadily.3 ) The ground surface grouting reinforcement is suitable for shield tunneling in karst strata with sandy soil cover.
摘要:为了实时监测复合盾构掘进过程中滚刀的磨损和工作情况,建立了一套滚刀磨损的无线实时监测系统,将滚刀刀圈与传感器之间的距离变化转换为电压信号,经计算处理后得到滚刀刀圈的磨损量。在信号传输中使用无线结合有线的方式,将监测数据从终端节点经中继路由传输到上位机监控系统。分析了滚刀失效的主要类型、监测及判断机制,重点探讨了其安装结构和实现方案。结合某工程现场实验,证明该系统能有效地监测滚刀刀圈的磨损量,从而实现滚刀刀圈磨损的实时监测。%A wireless real-time disc cutter wear monitoring system for composite shield machine is established,so as to control the state of disc cutter and guide the construction.The distance variation between disc cutter ring and sensor is turned into electrical signal,according to which the disc cutter wear can be calculated.The wire monitoring method and wireless monitoring method are adopted so as to transfer the monitoring data to upper computer.The main type of disc cutter failure,monitoring and estimation mechanism are analyzed;and then the installation structure and practical method of the monitoring system are emphatically discussed.The construction practice shows that the above-mentioned monitoring system is feasible and can achieve good effect.
摘要:秦岭输水隧洞出口端邻近黑河金盆水库,为缩短洞线长度,减小工程投资,在勘察设计阶段对下穿黑河金盆水库区的地质条件进行认真研究。在对地面大量调查基础上,采用钻探、物探、取样试验等综合勘察手段,运用定性分析与定量计算相结合的评价研究方法,详细分析秦岭输水隧洞通过区的工程地质、水文地质特征及隧洞施工对水库渗漏的影响程度。根据影响分析结果,研究提出相应的防止库水渗漏的隧洞施工建议。经施工实践证明,秦岭输水隧洞洞线方案选择经济合理、对库区及地下水环境的影响小,达到了预期的效果。%The exit of Qinling Water Diversion Tunnel is located nearby Jinpen Dam at Heihe Valley in Xi’an,China.In order to shorten the length of the tunnel line and reduce the engineering investment,the geological condtions of the tunnel section crossing underneath Jinpen Dam are studied.The influences of engineering geological conditions,hydrogeological conditions and the construction of the tunnel section of Qinling Water Diversion Tunnel on seepage of Jinpen Dam are analyzed in detail by means of comprehensive investigation method and qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation method.Finally,some suggestions are given.The construction practice shows that the tunnel construction scheme is rational and effective,and just has a liltle impact on the environment of Jinpen Dam and grouandwater.
摘要:为了分析地质因素对隧道围岩松动圈的影响,以重庆某深埋特长隧道为工程背景,根据该隧道埋深和围岩级别多变等特点,运用数值模拟、正交试验和现场实测相结合的方法,研究该隧道围岩松动圈产生、发展和分布的规律。结果表明:该隧道围岩的内摩擦角和黏聚力与松动圈大小呈负相关关系,侧压系数和埋深与松动圈大小呈正相关关系,且内摩擦角和埋深是影响该隧道围岩松动圈大小的主要因素。依据研究结果,可以确定该隧道不同地质条件下的围岩松动圈分布情况,及时优化支护参数,以指导隧道安全高效地施工。%The influence of geological factors on loose zone of surrounding rock is analyzed by taking an extra-long deep tunnel in Chongqing for example.The formation,development and distribution of loose zone of surrounding rock of tunnel are studied by means of numerical simulation method,orthogonal test and field test.The results show that:1 ) The internal friction angle and cohesion of the tunnel surrounding rock have a negative correlation with loose zone of surrounding rock.2 )The side pressure coefficient and buried depth have a positive correlation with loose zone of surrounding rock.3)The internal friction angle and buried depth are the main factors of loose zone of surrounding rock. The distribution of loose zone of surrounding rock of tunnel under different geological conditions can be aware of;and then the tunnel support parameters can be optimized timely so as to guide the tunnel constrution with safety and efficiency according to the study results.
摘要:A kind of modified aqueous epoxy mortar with high performance and high bond strength for rehabilitation of tunnel segment cracks is developed.The properties of the mortar,including flexural strength,compressive strength and bond strength,are studied;then the microstructure of the mortar is analyzed by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) method.The testing results show that:1 )The flexural strength and compressive strength increase with the polymer-cement ratio increases;and then they decrease at a peak.2)The bond strength decreases with the polymer-cement ratio increases. 3)Compared to the traditional mortar,the bond strength of modified mortar increases by 20%-40%.%为提供一种可用于隧道管片破损及裂缝修补的高效修补材料,研发一种高强、高黏结性的水性环氧树脂改性水泥砂浆,研究改性砂浆抗折强度、抗压强度和黏结强度,并采用SEM等方法进行微观结构分析。试验结果表明:1)随聚灰比增大,抗折强度和抗压强度先增大后减小;2)在研究范围内,黏结强度随聚灰比的增加而减小;3)改性后砂浆黏结强度增大20%~40%。
摘要:渝黔铁路天坪隧道横洞工区为瓦斯突出工区,施工中为防治瓦斯突出必须进行瓦斯抽放,分析瓦斯抽放已有经验,确定了采用穿层网格预抽煤层瓦斯施工技术;结合隧道大断面及天坪隧道煤层赋存条件,确定了该技术的瓦斯抽放参数,在材料设备选型、钻孔布设、封孔施工、管路连接和瓦斯抽放监测等关键环节严格把关,并对抽放效果进行了检验。总结采用该项技术在经济、技术和安全生产等方面所取得的主要成果,以期为该项技术在类似隧道施工中的推广应用提供参考。%Tianping tunnel on Chongqing-Guizhou Railway is a gas tunnel.As a result,gas drainage technology should be applied.The technology of mesh-shaped borehole drilling of coal layer is decided based on analyzing the gas drainage experience.The gas drainage parameters are decided based on studying the coal storage conditions.The material and equipment selection,layout of boreholes,borehole sealing,pipeline connection and gas drainage monitoring are strictly controlled;and the gas drainage effect is examined.Finally,the main achievements of the mentioned technologies are summarized in terms of economy,technology and safe construction.
摘要:Great difficulties will occur at tunnel breakthrough when collapse happens.In order to guarantee the construction safety of tunnel breakthrough and to avoid secondary collapse,the key points and difficulties of breakthrough construction of Fengling Tunnel on Nanchang-Ningdu Highway in Jiangxi are analyzed;the systematic processing technologies,including comprehensive geophysical prospecting,pipe-roof grouting support of collapse section,decision of rational tunnel breakthrough cross-section,pipe-roof grouting support of breakthrough section and short-distance excavation and strengthened support of tunnel,are proposed;the stress and displacement of surrounding rocks and primary support during construction are numerically simulated by means of 3D numerical simulation method.The monitoring results show that the technologies used are safe and feasible.%隧道即将贯通时遭遇塌方,会使贯通面临塌方可靠处理和贯通安全施工双重困难。为保障隧道贯通施工安全,避免塌方,依托江西省昌宁高速公路凤岭隧道在塌方影响下的贯通施工,通过分析研究隧道贯通施工处理过程中的重点和难点,提出综合物理探测、塌方段管棚注浆支护、贯通面合理确定、贯通段管棚注浆支护以及洞身短开挖强支护等系统化的技术方法,并采用三维数值模拟方法对施工过程中围岩、初期支护的应力和位移进行分析,验证施工处理技术的可行性。现场监测结果和处理效果证明,该系统化施工技术体系在塌方影响下的隧道贯通施工是安全有效的。
摘要:大连华昌变电站电缆隧道出现了严重的底鼓、衬砌裂缝等病害,采用现场测量、钻芯取样等方法对隧道的病害情况进行全面检测,并对病害产生的原因进行分析,认为病害是由地下水作用、原支护结构强度不足和施工质量差等因素综合引起的,决定采用电缆临时移位、底板钻孔注浆后凿除、加设钢筋混凝土内衬的整治方案。目前该工程已竣工,隧道结构稳定,电缆运行正常,取得了较好的整治效果。实践证明:大连华昌变电站电缆隧道的病害整治方案是可行的。%Floor structure heaving and lining cracks occurred at an operating cable tunnel of Huachang Substation in Dalian,China.These disasters of the cable tunnel are detected by means of site measuring and core drilling;and then the causes of the disasters are analyzed.It is concluded that the groundwater,the insufficient strength of the primary supporting structure and the bad construction quality comprehensively give rise to the tunnel diseases.Countermeasures, such as temporary translocation of the cables,cutting of floor after borehole drilling and the reinforced concrete lining, are taken.The practice shows that the tunnel structure is stable and the cable runs just fine after using the above-mentioned measures.
摘要:采用并联风管对2个开挖面同时进行送风时,隧道施工通风系统中风管三通设置的位置对风管出口风量的影响较大,利用理论计算得出主风管与分风管直径的比值是分风三通设置位置对开挖面风管出口风量影响的关键因数,围绕着理论计算结果例举3个工程算例及1个工程实例进行了验证,得出合理选择分风三通的位置来提高风管出风口风量的方法,为采用分风三通的施工通风工程提供技术参考。%The influence of location of ventilation T-junction for tunnel construction on the air volume of ventilation pipe is serious;It is illustrated that the ratio of main ventilation pipe diameter to sub-ventilation pipe diameter is the main factor for determining the location of ventilation T-junction.Three calculation cases are given,of which the calculation results are compared with an actual project.Finally,rational locations of ventilation T-junction are obtained.
摘要:The Guojilu Station-North Huanchenglu Station shield bored tunnel on Zhengzhou Metro Line No.2 is located in water-rich fine silty sand strata and crosses underneath 3 existing pressured water-supply concrete pipelines.In order to meet the settlement control requirements,the construction risk of soil deformation induced by heterogeneous settlement is analyzed.The cutterhead structure type,cutterhead support type and injection points of ground conditioning agent on cutterhead are the main factors for ground settlement.Some suggestions are propased as follows:1 ) The shield cutterhead structure type and related devices are very important.2 )Rational construction parameters and technologies are necessary.The monitoring results show that the maximum pipeline settlement can meet the risk control requirement.%郑州地铁2号线国基路站—北环路站区间隧道在富水粉细砂地层中长距离下穿3条有压给水管线,给水管为混凝土管材,稳定性较差。为满足设计单位和产权单位对施工沉降的要求,分析盾构隧道下穿施工过程中,不均匀沉降导致地层土体变形的施工风险,地层沉降主要受刀盘结构形式、刀盘支撑形式(影响渣土改良效果)、渣土改良剂在刀盘上的注入位置3方面影响。从设备选择及改造、施工工艺措施方面予以优化:1)盾构刀盘结构形式及相应配置要适应富水粉细砂层掘进和保压;2)合理的施工参数及工艺措施对地表沉降控制的必要性。监测结果表明,管线最大沉降满足风险源控制目标。
摘要:The tunnel crossing underneath Zhongzhou Road in Zhengzhou is constructed by rectangular pipe-jacking. The thrusting force of the pipe-jacking is large due to its extra-large cross-section,shallow overburden,small spacing, long advancing distance and without using relaying chamber.In order to control the thrusting force effectively,the layout of grouting holes,preparation of thixotropic slurry,optimized design of grouting pipe and waxing of pipe surface are studied in detail.The results show that the drag reduction technologies used can achieve good effect.%郑州市下穿中州大道隧道工程采用矩形顶管法进行施工,顶管段具有断面超大、覆土浅、间距小、推进距离长、未采用中继间等特点,顶管推进推力大。为有效控制顶管推力,研究了注浆孔布置、触变泥浆配制、注浆管路优化设计和管节表面涂蜡等顶管减阻技术。结果表明,本工程采用的减阻技术效果良好。
摘要:首先介绍以欧洲为代表的锚喷支护结构体系的应用现状。然后比较详细地介绍挪威、美国、日本和法国喷混凝土永久支护的应用、研究情况及具体做法。认为,在国外以锚喷支护为主体的支护结构体系和以复合式衬砌为主体的支护结构体系,目前是并存的;对我国来说2种支护结构体系也应该是并存的。在围岩条件良好的情况下,应大力推进以锚喷支护为主体的支护结构体系;在围岩条件较差的场合,则应以复合式衬砌支护结构体系为主体。%The-state-of-the-art of the application of bolting and shotcrete support structure system to European countries is introduced.The application and study of shotcrete permanent support in Norway,America,Japan and France are presented in detail.It shows that the bolting and shotcrete support structure system and complex lining support structure system are both available abroad.The author suggests that the above mentioned two support structure systems should be available in China as well;the bolting and shotcrete support structure system should be adopted in good surrounding rock conditions;and the complex lining support structure system should be adopt in bad surrounding rock conditions.
摘要:设计作为轨道交通工程其中一个环节,起着非常重要的作用。线路专业作为城市轨道交通工程设计前期专业,是整个地铁和轻轨设计中最重要的总体性专业。为提高城市轨道交通线路设计质量及工作效率,促进轨道交通又好又快发展,阐述线路专业在各阶段的工作内容和线路设计的工作方法。线路设计必须综合考虑各方面因素,深入仔细地研究线、站位方案,并积极与各市政部门、产权单位对接,逐步稳定线、站位方案,最终确定科学、合理、可行、经济并有利于运营的线路平、纵断面设计方案。%Design is a very important part of rail transit projects.As a professional design of urban rail transit project, the alignment profession is the most important overall profession in the design of Metro and light rail.In this paper,the working contents of alignment designing methods of alignment profession are discussed.The author suggests that many factors,i.e.further study on line location and station location,negotiation with related authorities and scheme decision, have to be considered.
摘要:以深圳地铁9号线为例,从组织开展深化设计工作并利用BIM技术对站后工程常规机电、系统机电各个专业设计施工过程中遇到的接口协调及碰撞等问题进行模拟分析。主要得到以下经验总结:1)管理中规范深化设计的工作流程,保证了深化设计BIM工作的顺利开展;2)技术上利用BIM技术精细化管理各个专业,减少管线安装的碰撞及对结构的损害;3)接口协调方面,利用BIM技术有序地安排各个专业施工,能保证设计与施工的同步以及各专业之间的统一协调性。%The interface coordination and construction collision during the design and construction of conventional mechatronics and system mechatronics of Shenzhen Metro Line No.9 by using the building information modeling(BIM) technology are simulated and analyzed.The conclusions drawn are as follows:1 )The success of BIM application can be guaranteed by a standardized development design work procedure.2)The collision of pipe lines can be reduced and the structure damage can be minimized by using BIM technology.3 )The synchronization between design and construction and the uniformity of every design profession can be achieved by using BIM technology.
摘要:为解决单管双层特长盾构隧道施工距离长、施工空间有限和工期紧张等问题,结合南京市纬三路过江通道工程,研究双层盾构隧道内部结构构件的预制施工技术,采用结构构件预制与现浇相结合的梁-板-柱结构体系,合理组织施工步序,探索单管双层特长盾构隧道预制内部构件的施工方案。工程实践表明,现浇内部结构立柱及柱基础,预制上层车道板、烟道隔墙板、排烟通道板和逃生通道板,能够满足双层特长盾构隧道施工进度的要求,可大幅提高施工效率,缩短建设工期,节省工程投资。%The construction distance of the single-tube double-deck river-crossing shield tunnel on Weisan Road in Nanjing is long;the construction space is limited;and the construction schedule is tight.As a result,the precasting technologies for the internal structure of the tunnel are studied;and then the beam-deck-column structure system by means of cast-in-situ and precast and rational construction procedure are adopted.Finally,the rational construction scheme of single-tube double-deck extra-long shield tunnel is adopted. The construction practice shows that the technologies used can improve the construction efficiency greatly,shorten the construction schedule and reduce the cost.
摘要:The monitoring of tunnel surrounding convergence and arch crown settlement is the key to safe construction of tunnel,surrounding rock supporting effect estimation,secondary lining time determination and design and construction of dynamic informationization of tunnel.The monitoring accuracy of tunnel surrounding convergence and arch crown settlement in JTG F60—2009 Technical Specifications for Construction ofHighway Tunnel is 0.1 mm,which is larger than that in criterions for railways and foundations (0.5 -1.0 mm).In this paper,the monitoring items and requirements in criterions for highway tunnels and railway tunnels are summarized;and then the authors suggest that the monitoring accuracy of tunnel surrounding convergence and arch crown settlement of highway tunnels should be 0.5 -1.0 mm according to existing monitoring devices,design reserved deformation,monitoring results and related foundation monitoring requirements.The suggested value of monitoring accuracy of tunnel surrounding convergence and arch crown settlement of highway tunnel can guarantee the safe construction of tunnel,so as to promote the application and popularization of non-contact monitoring method and device (high-accuracy total station)and improve the monitoring efficiency of tunnel deformation.%隧道周边收敛和拱顶下沉监测是判断围岩支护效果、二次衬砌施作时间、隧道动态信息化设计与施工以及保证隧道施工安全的重要措施。现有 JTG F60—2009《公路隧道施工技术规范》对隧道周边收敛和拱顶下沉监测的精度要求为0.1 mm,明显高于铁路隧道施工和基坑工程变形监测0.5~1.0 mm 的精度要求,且公路隧道的实际监测精度很难达到规范规定的精度要求。总结现有公路隧道、铁路隧道和其他规范的具体监测内容和要求,结合现有隧道施工监测仪器的精度技术指标,参照隧道设计规范规定的预留变形量、隧道施工阶段变形监测统计结果和基坑工程监测规范的精度要求等,建议将公路隧道周边收敛和拱顶下沉监测的精度要求修改为0.5~1.0 mm。0.5~1.0 mm 的监测精度要求可以保证公路隧道的施工安全,促进高精度全站仪等非接触量测方法和仪器在公路隧道施工变形监测中的应用和推广,提高公路隧道施工变形的监测效率,避免因达不到 JTG F60—2009《公路隧道施工技术规范》规定的监测精度要求而引发的监测数据造假现象。
摘要:The inner contour mode of ballast track railway tunnels with speed less than 160 km /h in China nowadays can not meet the requirement of large maintenance machinery.The main influencing factors of inner contour of electric railway tunnel and single-line /double-line tunnel,such as building boundary,hanging mode and layout of overhead catenary system,space requirement of large maintenance machinery and setting of ditch and cable trench,etc.are comprehensively analyzed.The control size of inner contour of singleline /doubleline ballast track railway tunnel is decided;and the inner contour mode is selected.The comparison between two inner contour modes is made in terms of structural safety,economical benefits and construction efficiency.The study results can provide reference for the selection of inner contour mode of ballast track railway tunnels in the future.%当前运营的时速160 km 以下有砟轨道(普货)隧道内轮廓尽寸难以满足大型养护机械(特别是大型清筛机)作业空间需求,通过对新建时速160 km 以下电气化铁路、单双线隧道内轮廓主要影响因素(建筑限界、接触网悬挂方式及布置、大型养护机械空间需求、轨道结构型式、侧沟及电缆槽设置等)进行综合分析,确定单双线有砟轨道隧道内轮廓控制性尺寸,并初步拟定满足大型养护机械作业要求的内轮廓方案,在此基础上通过对内轮廓方案的结构安全性、经济性及施工便利性进行综合比较,确定推荐方案,该成果对铁路行业隧道通用图编制有一定的参考价值。
摘要:以南昌红谷沉管隧道为例,建立物模灌砂试验,实践表明砂水比1∶8~1∶12、水泥熟料掺量6%、灌砂压力控制在0.1~0.15 MPa,砂积盘半径能达到7.5~8 m。综合灌砂量、压力监测、水下探摸、管内测量4种监测方式,并利用全波场无损检测法和冲击映像法相结合的方式进行灌砂过程监测及其充填效果综合评价,得出结论:中孔以扩散半径达到7.5~8 m 及充盈度≥65%为终孔指标,边孔以扩散半径达到7.5~8 m 及溢砂与前一孔溢砂融合为终孔指标,进而指导砂泵压力及停泵时间;通过合理配置灌砂设备及选择优质灌砂料,并分析灌砂施工中出现的问题及解决对策,E1—E6管段基础灌砂完成后,管段沉降值均在可控范围内,表明沉管管段灌砂基础质量可靠。%A physical model of sand filling test for Honggu Immersed Tunnel in Nanchang is established.The results show that the radius of sand accretion disk can reach 7.5 -8 m when sand-water ratio reach 1∶8 -1∶12,cement clinker content reaches 6% and sand filling pressure reaches 0.1 -0.15 MPa.A series of technologies,including sand filling amount monitoring,sand filling pressure monitoring,underwater detection,tunnel segment measuring,full-wavefield nondestructive detection method and impact imaging method,are adopted.Some conclusions are drawn as follows:1 ) The pressure and stop time of the sand filling pump for intermediate sand filling holes can be decided when the sand diffusion radius reaches 7.5 -8 m and the filling degree reaches 65%;and that for side sand filling holes can be decided when the sand diffusion reaches 7.5 -8 m and the overflowed sand mixed together.2)The tube settlement is brought under effective control after the sand filling of foundation of E1 -E6 segment is finished by choosing rational sand filling equipment and qualified sand materials and analyzing problems and their countermeasures.
摘要:以乌兹别克斯坦 Qamchiq 特长铁路隧道为例,在工期滞后的情况下,为纠正施工进度偏差,经过分析有4种备选方案,分别是安全洞超前增援主洞方案、增加斜井或竖井方案、增加支洞方案和加快施工进度的管理措施,通过对以上方案的比较分析,初步选择为通过斜井增设支洞方案,然后对增设支洞方案进行技术经济分析,确定了支洞长度和断面大小,经过现场实施,得出的结论是:在斜井内增设支洞,可以以较小的成本增加获得较大的工期节约。%Comparison is made among 4 construction schedules,including adding advance safe tunnel to support main tunnel,adding inclined /vertical shaft,adding branch tunnel and improving the construction speed,by taking Qamchiq extra-long railway tunnel in Uzbekistan for example.The construction schedule of adding branch tunnel is adopted and technically and economically analyzed.The construction parameters are determined.Finally,it illustrates that by adding branch tunnel,the construction cost can be reduced and the construction schedule can be shortened.
摘要:The continuous belt conveyor system has many advantages,such as large transport capacity,safety, environmental protection and high automation.It has been applied to TBMtunnel construction widely.The fault rate of belt conveyor is high when it is used in cold areas in winter.As a result,a thermal insulation roof is adopted for belt conveyor used in Liaoxibei Water-diversion Project.The thermal insulation problem of belt conveyor in cold areas in winter has been successfully solved and the safe and successful construction of TBM has been guaranteed.The results can provide reference for similar projects in the future.%连续皮带机出渣系统具有输送能力强、运量大、安全、环保和自动化程度高等特点,已经广泛应用于 TBM隧道施工,但在严寒地区存在冬季施工故障率高的问题。为了解决此难题,保障 TBM正常施工,在辽西北供水工程中通过安装保温棚,对整条皮带机进行保温;在皮带机两端接渣、出渣特殊位置铺设保温被,加强其保温能力;在保温棚内部尤其是关键部位安装暖风机,进行加温供暖等方面的研究。解决了严寒地区冬季洞外皮带机防冻领域的技术难题,保证了 TBM的顺利施工,取得了在严寒地区的皮带机冬季施工经验,以期为类似工程提供借鉴。