RS和GIS在铁路施工期水土流失预测中的应用研究--以新建敦煌至格尔木铁路为例

摘要

以新建敦煌至格尔木铁路为例,应用RS和GIS技术独有的空间分析功能和可视化表达,在遥感影像的基础上,结合铁路沿线地区土壤侵蚀类型、坡度、植被覆盖度及地表组成物质、地形图等相关资料,通过人机交互解译、信息提取和分类,利用GIS的图形编辑、空间叠加分析和空间统计分析功能,获得铁路沿线的土壤侵蚀现状、土壤侵蚀类型与强度,RS和GIS技术可准确真实、图文并茂的掌握区域水土流失现状,为预测铁路建设可能造成的水土流失总量奠定基础,为工程施工期水土流失防治措施提供参考数据。%With reference to the new Dunhuang to Golmud railway, current situation of soil erosion, soil erosion type and intensity along the railway are obtained with unique RS and GIS technology and remote sensing images based on such information as the type of soil erosion, slope, vegetation coverage and surface composition of the areas along the railway and on the application of man-machine interactive interpretation, information extraction and classification, GIS image editing, spatial overlay analysis. RS and GIS can accurately capture accurate and true illustrations of regional soil erosion status to lay down the foundation for prediction of potential total soil erosion and water loss and provide reference data for prevention and control of soil erosion and water loss during the construction.