列车速度的提高和轴重的增加,使得轮轨之间的相互作用更加激烈,铁路运输的安全形势更加严峻.实现轮轨力的连续测试对于评价车辆运行的安全性和稳定性具有重要的意义.建立钢轨的有限元模型,通过在钢轨顶面施加移动荷载,了解轨腰中和轴YZ方向应变的变化规律,找出适合粘贴应变片的位置,确定轮轨垂向力连续测量的方案.在实验室加载得出的结果与仿真的结果相比具有相同的变化规律,验证了连续测量方案的可行性.%With the increasing of train speeds and axle loads, interactions between the vehicle and the track are being intensified, which makes rail transport security more serious. Thus, realizing the continuous measurement of wheel-rail forces is very important for evaluation of the safety and stability of vehicle's operation. In this paper, the finite element model of the rail was established. Through adding the shifting load on the top surface of the rail, the variation law of the strains in the Y- and Z-directions in the neutral axis of the rail web was obtained, the suitable positions for pasting strain gauges were found, and the scheme for the continuous measurement of the vertical wheel-rail forces was determined. The results of the vertical wheel-rail force in the laboratory test have the same variation law as the results of simulation, which verifies the feasibility of the continuous measurement scheme.
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