运用有限元法建立车辆-轨道非线性耦合系统振动分析模型，该模型包含车辆、轨道两个子系统，其中车辆子系统为附有二系弹簧的整车模型，轨道结构子系统为离散的三层弹性梁模型。两子系统通过轮轨非线性接触力和位移协调条件实现耦合。针对车辆-轨道非线性耦合系统动力学方程提出了交叉迭代算法。为加速迭代收敛速度，引入松弛法对轮轨接触力进行修正。为证明算法的正确性，进行了算例验证。同时还给出了CRH3高速动车在有砟轨道上运行时引起车辆和轨道振动的实例，分析中考虑了轮轨线性和非线性接触及不同列车速度对车辆和轨道结构振动的影响。计算结果表明交叉迭代算法具有程序编制简单、收敛速度快、用时少、精度高的优点；采用轮轨线性接触模型得到的车辆和轨道结构的动力响应比轮轨非线性接触模型得到的结果要大，其中位移、加速度最大值和振幅增大范围约在15%以内，轮轨接触力最大值和振幅增大范围约在5%以内。%A model for dynamic analysis of a vehicle-track nonlinear coupling system is established by finite element method. The system is divided into two subsystems, i.e. the vehicle subsystem considered as the secondary spring vehicle model and the track subsystem regarded as the model of three discrete elastic beams. Coupling of the two systems is achieved by equilibrium conditions of wheel-rail nonlinear contact forces and geometrical compatibility conditions. A cross-iterative algorithm is presented to solve the dynamics equations of the vehicles-track nonlinear coupling system. In order to accelerate the iterative convergence rate, the relaxation technique is employed to correct the wheel-rail contact force. Comparing with the example in a reference, the correctness of the algorithm is verified. Examples of the vehicle and track vibration induced by the high-speed CRH3 train traveling on ballasted track are given, in which the influences of linear and nonlinear contact and different train speed on the vibration of vehicles and track structure are considered. The results demonstrate that the cross-iterative algorithm has the advantages of simple programming, fast convergence rate, less computation time and high accuracy. The dynamic response obtained by the wheel-rail linear contact model is larger than that by the wheel-rail nonlinear contact model. The increases of the maximum displacement, the maximum acceleration, the displacement amplitude and the maximum acceleration are all within 15 %. The increases of the maximum wheel-rail contact force and the wheel-rail contact force amplitude are all within 5%.
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