针对太空站生命保障系统某装置及其支承结构进行多工况下的噪声测试,依据测试结果分析该系统噪声超标的各种因素及噪声频谱,并提出相应的治理措施.结果表明:长方体框架不会因转鼓的运转而激起噪音;激起噪声由强到弱的顺序依次为转鼓与背板之间的螺栓紧连接、转鼓、背板;转鼓与背板之间螺栓的紧与松连接时,背板激起的噪声差值在0.5 m、1 m处分别为12.4 dB(A)、8.6 dB(A),降噪措施主要为加高质量隔振垫,阻止刚性连接;转鼓产生的噪声在0.5 m、1 m分别为62.9 dB(A)、60 dB(A),在壳体表层涂刷、黏贴高阻尼或约束阻尼材料能够使转鼓噪声值低于标准要求60 dB(A);背板对噪声的影响最小,但是提高其刚度,减小其面积,对整个系统的降噪有利.%The noise testing of a device and its supporting structure of the life support system used in a space station is carried out under different conditions. According to the test results, various factors of the over-standard noise and noise spectrum are analyzed and the corresponding control measures are proposed. The results show that under the hub rotating condition, the rectangular frame does not provoke noise. The noise excitation factors can be put in order from strong to weak as:the tightening of the bolt connection between the hub and the back-plate, the hub and the back-plate. The differences of noises caused by the back-plate are 12.4 dB(A) and 8.6 dB(A) in the position of 0.5 m and 1.0 m respectively when the bolts between the hub and the back-plate are tightly and loosely connected. Therefore, the main noise reduction measures are:adding the high quality vibration isolation pad to avoid the rigid connection, which can reduce the noise values generated by the rotating hub to 62.9 and 60.0 dB(A) in the position of 0.5 and 1.0 m respectively;and coating or attaching high damping or constrained damping materials on the shell surface, which can make the rotating hub noise to be lower than the standard value 60 dB(A). The influence of the back-plate on noise is minimal, but increasing its stiffness and reducing its area is more favorable for the noise reduction of the whole system.
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