研究强震作用下隧道结构的震害特征对于后续高烈度区隧道的抗震设防设计具有重要的借鉴意义.文章通过汶川地震公路隧道震害调查及分析,研究并总结了隧道结构各部分的震害特征.洞口结构的震害特征为:洞外结构受次生地质灾害影响严重,隧道洞口硬岩段支护结构震害极少,8度区隧道洞口软岩段出现二次衬砌开裂、渗水等轻微震害,11度区出现二次衬砌垮塌的严重震害;断层破碎带段隧道结构的震害特征为:跨非活动性断层隧道震害较轻,跨活动性断层隧道震害严重(二次衬砌垮塌、围岩垮塌等);普通段隧道结构的震害特征为:隧道硬岩普通段震害极少,8度区围岩软硬交接普通段和9度区软岩普通段衬砌出现开裂、渗水震害,10~11度区围岩软硬交接普通段出现衬砌错台震害,围岩缺陷普通段出现了二次衬砌垮塌的严重震害.%It is important to understand the characteristics of earthquake damage to tunnels in order to provide a reference for the aseismic design of tunnels in areas of high-intensity earthquakes. Based on the investigation and analysis of earthquake damage on highway tunnels after the Wenchuan earthquake, the characteristics of earthquake damage to various tunnel structures were studied and summarized. The characteristics of earthquake damage at the tunnel portals are as follows:the structure outside of the tunnel portal is seriously affected by a secondary geological hazard, there is little earthquake damage of the support structure at the tunnel portal in hard rock, slight damage in the form of cracking and water seepage occurs in the secondary lining at a tunnel portal in soft rock with an 8.0-in-tensity earthquake, and serious earthquake damage such as collapse of the secondary lining occurs in areas with an 11.0-intensity earthquake. Earthquake damage is slight for tunnels passing through inactive faults, while serious earthquake damage (collapse of the secondary lining and rock mass) occurs for tunnels passing through active faults. As for tunnel structures in ordinary sections, there is little earthquake damage in hard rock tunnels, cracking and wa-ter seepage occur in the lining of ordinary sections with alternating soft rock and hard rock in an 8.0-intensity earth-quake and the soft section in a 9.0~intensity earthquake, staged lining occurs at an ordinary section with alternating soft rock and hard rock in earthquakes of 10.0-11.0 intensity, and the serious damage of collapse of the secondary lining occurs at the ordinary section with defects of the surrounding rocks.
展开▼
