CaCl2、复合磷酸盐及木瓜蛋白酶对河鲈鱼肉的嫩化作用

摘要

以河鲈鱼为研究对象，以剪切力为考察指标，研究CaCl2、复合磷酸盐、木瓜蛋白酶对鲈鱼半成品的嫩化效果。在单因素试验基础上，采用正交试验设计，对影响鱼肉剪切力的嫩化剂及其添加量进行三因素三水平的优化试验，最后利用扫描电镜，对未嫩化和复合嫩化剂嫩化后的鱼肉微观结构进行观察。结果表明：CaCl21.2 g/kg、复合磷酸盐1.2 g/kg、木瓜蛋白酶1.8 g/kg为最优嫩化剂组合，经该组合嫩化后，鱼肉剪切力最低可降至（8.40±0.13）N （注射方式）和（7.28±0.52）N（涂抹方式）；用扫描电镜观察，鱼肉嫩化后肌纤维变宽、纤维密度降低、纤维间连接组织较少，致密结构变得蓬松。该嫩化剂组合对河鲈鱼肉嫩化效果良好。%The tenderization of perch meat with compound phosphate, calcium chloride and papain for the production of semi-finished fish products was investigated. Tenderness was evaluated by shear force. Through single factor and orthogonal array experiments with three factors at three levels, a combination of 1.2 g/kg calcium chloride, 1.2 g/kg compound phosphate and 1.8 g/kg papain was found to be optimal for fish tenderization. The shear force of fish meat was reduced to (8.40± 0.13) N and (7.28± 0.52) N after tenderization treatment by injection and smearing, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that after tenderization, the diameter of myofibers was increased, the density was decreased, connective tissues were reduced and the compact structure became looser compared with controls, implicating that perch meat was well tenderized .