多轴机床通用运动学建模方法

摘要

In order to improve the correctness of the mutual transformation between the cutter location (CL) data and the machine control data in the post processing of numerical control machining,a general kinematics modeling method for multi-axis machine tools is presented.The machine is regarded as a special serial mechanism.Depend on the attachment of the moving parts,calculate the matrix symbol coefficients of each component,adopt the method of homogeneous coordinate transformation,establish kinematics shape function of multi axis-machine tools,define the boundary conditions for solving kinematics equations,and put forward to the solution method,the solutions of the kinematics equations can be applied to post processing.Take pendulum-turntable XYZ-BC type five axis machine tool as an example,use the proposed modeling method to establish the kinematics equations.The cutter location data of a precision forging blade inlet edge is converted into the machining control code,use the VERICUT simulation platform to virtual simulation process,the simulation results verify the correctness of the general kinematics modeling method for multi-axis machine tools.The proposed method can be applied to all kinds of machine tools.The method of introducing boundary conditions can improve the accuracy of solving kinematics equations of complex machine tools.%在数控加工后处理过程中,为提高刀位文件与加工代码间相互转化的正确性,提出了多轴机床通用运动学建模方法.将机床视为特殊的串联型机构,根据各运动部件的依附关系,计算各部件的矩阵符号系数,采用齐次坐标变换的方法,建立多轴机床运动学形状函数,定义了求解运动学方程的边界条件,并提出了求解方法,运动学方程的解可应用于后处理.以摆头转台XYZ-BC式五轴机床为例,利用所提出的建模方法建立了运动学方程,并将用于加工某精锻叶片进气缘处的刀位文件转换成了加工代码,在VERICUT仿真平台上虚拟仿真加工,仿真结果验证了多轴机床通用运动学建模方法的正确性.通用运动学建模方法适用于各类机床,引入边界条件的求解方法可提高求解复杂结构机床运动学方程的准确性.