基于参照依赖实验的公平偏好性质探究——来自中国情境下的实验证据

摘要

Existing researches on inequity averseness at home and abroad mainly focus on obtaining the evidence that people are commonly inequity averse,without an investigation deep into the inherent nature of inequity averseness.This paper explores the characteristics of inequity averseness,through designing the reference-dependent experiment by reference to the research methods of Andreoni Miller（2002） and implementing a number of standardized controlled experiments.The result shows the advantage inequity averseness tends decreasing in sensitivity and has no turning point,but the disadvantage inequity averseness and the proud preference tend decreasing in sensitivity and then increasing after the turning point.Moreover,we fit the function expression of inequity averseness to analyze its mathematical properties and economics properties,and find the marginal utility of disadvantage inequity averseness is almost 10 times as much as that the advantage inequity averseness.So we solve the reasonability issue of pulling the inequity-averse factor to the traditional principal-agent model,and modify the traditional principal-agent model.%国内外已有的关于公平偏好的研究主要集中于获取人们普遍存在公平偏好心理的证据,尚缺乏对公平偏好固有性质的深入挖掘。本文借鉴Andreoni等的研究方法,设计了参照依赖实验,规范组织实施了多场次可控实验,探索了公平偏好的性质特征。实验结果显示人们的同情偏好呈现敏感性递减的变化规律且不存在拐点,而嫉妒偏好和自豪偏好均呈现先敏感性递减后经过拐点敏感性递增的变化规律;通过拟合公平偏好的函数表达式,分析其数学性质和经济学属性,发现嫉妒偏好的边际效用几乎是同情偏好的10倍,解决了将公平偏好因子引入传统的委托-代理模型的合理性问题,修正了传统的委托-代理模型。