权利奠基于功利——当代功利主义对权利之基础的思考

摘要

The relationship between right and good is one of the core issues in modem political philoso phy. Utilitarian regard good as prevailing, and utility is food, utility found the basis for rights. Critics say that to found rights on the basis of utility is wrong because the maximum utility may affect the importance of rights. Modem utilitarian amended the utilitarian view of rights by various theories like double utilitarianism, normal utilitarianism, and institutional utilitarianism, and defended for the theory of rights arises from utility.%如何看待权利与善的关系，是当代政治哲学争论的核心问题之一。功利主义主张善的优先性，而功利就是善，权利的基础是功利。批评者认为，功利主义把权利建立在功利之上的做法是错误的，它会因为功利最大化的要求而损害权利的重要性。当代功利主义者通过双层功利主义、规则功利主义和制度功利主义等不同的理论形态修正了功利主义的权利观，并为奠基于功利的权利理论做出了有力辩护。