适应与自主之间的德国基本权利教义学——德国国家信息行为的宪法教义学建构

摘要

德国联邦宪法法院基于国家信息行为的三方性特征在合宪性审查中采用了偏离自由权三阶审查模式的回应方式：增加了＂保障内涵＂（Gewhrleistungsgehalt）的审查标准,同时把＂侵害＂（Eingriff）概念扩展为＂损害＂（Beeintrchtigung）并以宪法未明文规定的＂国家领导任务＂（Aufgabe der Staatslei-tung）建构国家信息行为的正当性基础。在观察基本权利教义学结构与面貌变动的基础上明确了：基本权利教义学以提供理性化之法律适用并达成个案之基本权利保障为目的,面对多变的国家行为形式具有开展的弹性与适应变迁的可能性。%In the judicial review on the characteristics of state information activities,German federal court of constitution employed respondent method which deviated from three-step view mode for liberty rights.Safeguard was added as a criterion,infringe was expanded to damage,and made state information activities legitimate by ＂state leading task＂ which was not provided clearly in the constitution.Examining the structure and shift of doctrines of basic rights,we may conclude that such doctrines serves rational application of law and provide the protection of basic rights in cases,and may be flexible for evolution for various form of state activities.