主要杂环胺类化合物研究进展

摘要

The classification and hazard of HAAs,the detection of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs)in cigarette smoke,the metabolism research progress of main HAAs and monitoring methods of human exposure were reviewed.It was pointed out that HAAs were highly carcinogenic and mutagenic.There are ten main HAAs in cigarette smoke,and the higher contents are Harman,Norharman,AαC and MeAαC.Studies of major heterocyclic amines in cigarette smoke are mostly focused on AαC and MeAαC.The metabolic pathways of AαC and MeAαC have been clarified,but there is a slight difference in the literature regarding the amount of their metabolites.The exposure monitoring of HAAs is mainly achieved through the detection of prototype HAAs in human urine or hair,metabolites of HAAs can be used as exposure markers for monitoring the exposure of HAAs.Future research will focus on the synergistic mutagenesis of Harman and Norharman,metabolites of AαC and MeAαC as exposure markers,rapid and effective detection method to determine HAAs in biological sample and the correlation between smoking and the exposure of HAAs to further reduce the harmfulness of HAAs and provide references for the study of "smoking and health".%对业界关于杂环胺的分类及其危害、烟气杂环胺的检测、主要杂环胺代谢产物和杂环胺暴露量监测的研究进展进行了综述,指出:杂环胺具有高致癌和致突变能力,烟气中杂环胺主要有10种,含量较高的为Harman,Norharman,AαC和MeAαC;对烟气中主要杂环胺的研究多集中在AαC和MeAαC,关于它们的代谢途径已经明确,但关于它们代谢产物数量的报道稍有差别;杂环胺暴露量监测主要通过检测分析人体尿液或毛发中的原型杂环胺实现,杂环胺代谢产物可作为暴露标志物用于杂环胺暴露量监测.未来的研究围绕Harman和Norharman的协同诱变作用、杂环胺AαC和MeAαC的代谢产物作为暴露标志物、快速有效地检测生物样本中杂环胺的方法和吸烟与杂环胺暴露的相关性等方面进一步开展,从而减少杂环胺的危害性,为“吸烟与健康”问题的研究提供参考.