1997年以来，欧盟为应对“疯牛病”问题逐步建立并完善食品安全管理制度，但是目前食品安全仍然是全世界最为关注并且积极寻求解决方案的重大议题之一，尤其是食源性致病菌引起的食品问题常年严重危害人类的生命健康和经济秩序。目前各国寻求各种技术解决食源性疾病问题，但由于微生物传染源难以监测控制，很多情况下需要针对发病人群进行后期的致病菌溯源，通过溯源可以总结经验，避免相似问题再次发生。细菌分型技术是食源性致病菌溯源技术的重要内容，包括表型分型和分子分型两种。常见的表型分型种类有血清学分型、噬菌体分型、耐药性分析等，分子分型类别有PFGE、16SrRNA序列分型、RFLP、基于测序方法的MLST等。%The EU has responded to the problems of ＂mad cow＂ and gradually established and improved the food safety management system since 1997, but food safety is still one of the most concerned issues in the world, especially foodborne pathogens cause perennial serious harm to human life and health and economic orders. Various nations aim to find a variety of techniques to solve the problems of foodborne illness, but microbial source of infection is difficult to monitor and control, and in many cases late pathogens tracking is needed for the incidence of people, the tracking can sum up experiences to avoid similar problems from happening again. Pathogenic bacteria tracking technologies are to type bacteria, including phenotyping and molecular typing. Common types of phenotyping are serotyping, phage typing, and drug resistance analysis, and categories of molecular typing include PFGE, the 16S rRNA gene sequence typing, RFLP, sequencing methods based MLST and etc.
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