施莱尔马赫哲学神学的两项成果及其意义--以其同康德哲学的关系为视阈

摘要

Schleiermacher insisted that the object of religion was the Universe and its relationship with human beings.He racked his brains to explore the problems of the origins and necessity of religion.Both of the problems can be generalized as reli-gious independence and religious legitimacy which are the achievements of the philosophical theology.Such a theology offers a new perspective of relationship to explore religion,and a new approach of orientation to religion.His significant achievements proved that he inherited the important legacy of the Kantian philosophy but he was not an adherent of the Kantian moral religion.%施莱尔马赫提出，宗教的对象是宇宙以及人与宇宙的关系。为此，他殚精竭虑探索宗教“源自何处”和宗教为何“必不可少”的问题。笔者把它们概括为宗教的独立性与宗教的合法性，并认为这是哲学神学的两项重大成果。哲学神学提出并践行从关系的维度考察宗教的新视角，开辟了给宗教定位的新思路并对宗教做出了较为恰当的定位，为人们怎样认识宗教做出了重大贡献。就其与康德哲学的关系来说，它们表明施莱尔马赫继承了康德哲学的优秀遗产，但在宗教的问题上他又不是康德道德宗教的拥趸。