新中国成立初期的语言变革与百年汉语发展

摘要

After the founding of the People's Republic of China,it carried out a movement of language construction which was led by the government,boosted by the academia and participated by the whole nation.During this period,the enactment and implementation of language policies directly promoted the language changes and resulted in such trends as de-Europeanization,vulgarity and simplification, and besides,some political language was widely disseminated.In the past 100years,the language changes during the early period of the People's Republic of China confirmed and consolidated the differentiation pattern of the traditional Chinese language,and enlarged the gap between Putonghua in the mainland of China and mandarin in Taiwan of China.At the same time,the language changes in this period which laid the foundation for the current changes of the Chinese language have lasted for scores of years until today,a mirror of the 100-year development of Chinese with the features of explicitness-implicitness-explicitness and those of numerousness-scarcity-numerousness as well as a growth from nothingness.%新中国成立初期,国家开展了一场由政府主导、学界推动、全民参与的语文建设运动.这一时期语文政策的制定与贯彻落实直接推动了当时的语言变革.在这种语文政策和实践的影响下,现代汉语出现了"去欧化"、通俗化、简约化的趋势;此外,这一时期政治语言也不断传播和普及.对于百年汉语发展历程来说,新中国成立初期的语言变革确立并巩固了国语分化的格局,并加大了大陆地区普通话和台湾地区"国语"的差异;同时,这些变革也奠定了我们今天语言演变的基调,各大趋势延续了大半个世纪,在今天依然是全民语言使用的基本取向.它直接决定了百年汉语"显——潜——显""多——少——多"以及从无到有的发展趋势.