服务于政治需求的俄罗斯非物质文化遗产保护

摘要

非物质文化遗产是联合国提出的保护人类文化多样性和创造力的概念，但这个概念进入俄罗斯之后，却被巧妙地转化为构建民族和国家认同、文化自觉、爱国主义的政治实践工具。这与俄罗斯多元民族文化特征、转型社会的现实、俄罗斯民俗学的传统都有密切的关联。本文正是在这个视角下梳理俄罗斯非物质文化遗产保护的理念和实践，并与中国非物质文化遗产保护进行比较。%“Intangible cultural heritage”proposed by the United Nations is a concept for protecting human cultural diversity and creativity.However,when this concept is brought into Russia,it has been cleverly converted to a tool of political practice in building its ethnic and national identity and en-hancing its cultural consciousness and patriotism.This conversion is closely related to the features of Russia’s multi-ethnic cultures,its folklore traditions as well as the reality of social transformation, with which this paper discusses the concepts and practice of Russia’s protection of intangible cultural heritages and gives a comparison with that in China.