技术合理性的非理性--马尔库塞关于技术理性的批判

摘要

Science and technology play the“savior” in the progress of human civilization and “Pandora’ s box” leading to civilization disaster simultaneously.From the viewpoint of non-neutrality of science and technology, Marcuse found the mysterious power in science and technology, the technical reason, and made a comprehensive criticism on it.According to Marcuse, in the developed capitalist society, technical reason becomes a new kind of social control tool with its own ideological tendency.Technical reason not only con-trols the working class, but also determines the culture and philosophy of the whole society by idea, con-sumption, psychology and other forms of manipulation ways.It makes the whole society a one dimensional position without criticism and transcendence.%科学技术在扮演人类文明进步的“救世主”的同时，又充当着人类文明走向灾难的“潘多拉魔盒”。马尔库塞从科学技术非中立性的观点出发，发现了蕴藏在科学技术中的神秘力量———技术理性，并对技术理性作出了全方位的批判。马尔库塞认为，在发达资本主义社会，技术理性本身具备的意识形态倾向，使其成为一种新型的社会控制工具。技术理性通过观念、消费、心理等多种形式的操纵方式，不仅掌控着工人阶级，同时决定着整个社会的文化和哲学走向，进而使全社会陷入一个没有批判、丧失超越性的单向度境地。