Between Closeness and Openness --An Understanding of Guild Characteristics from the Succession of Industrial and Commercial Management Right of Baxian County in Qing Dynasty

摘要

It is a recognized fact in the historical closeness and exclusiveness. Based on the previous understanding of the two characteristics by collating guilds study of China＇s guilds that guild has the characteristics of researches, the writer of this article aims to deepen the the relations among guild regulations, local authorities and in Baxian County in Qing Dynasty （approximately the current area around Chongqing city proper and the nearby area） as well as the replacement in the form of ＂Yatie＂ and succession of industrial and commercial management rights. Meanwhile, the writer believes that the management right of guilds could be circulated through replacement in the form of ＂Yatie＂ , tenancy or mortgage. Therefore. the closeness and exclusiveness of guild are relative.