从《世说新语》看“春秋三传”在汉末魏晋士人中的传播

摘要

《世说新语》记载了不少与“春秋三传”相关的逸闻轶事，其中，绝大部分为汉末魏晋士人在言谈中灵活化用“春秋三传”典故的逸闻趣事。士人们或以“春秋三传”经义为准绳，砥砺品节，互相激励；或以经义为标准，品鉴他人；或以“春秋三转”为依据，为自己的行为寻找理论依据；或化用“春秋三传”典故，增强言谈的艺术趣味。就化用“春秋三传”的方式而言，士人很少明示典故的出处，而是直接将其灵活转化为自己谈话的有机组成部分，这种用典方式使得他们的言谈颇具机锋，简洁含蓄，意味无穷。%Shi Shuo Xin Yu records many anecdotes related to three explanatory works of Chunqiu,among which many are from scholars in Late Han and Weijin Dynasties.Some scholars take three explanatory works of Chunqiu as criterion to build up integrity and encourage each other.Some take Confucian classics as criterion to evaluate oth-ers.Others use allusions from three explanatory works of Chunqiu to increase artistic interest of conversation.All of them would like to make allusion part of their conversation without referring to the origin of allusions,which makes their conversation sharp-witted,implicative and meaningful.