地方戏曲艺术教育的历史沿革及发展态势论略--以黄梅戏艺术教育与人才培养为例

摘要

戏曲艺术的传承创新，关键在于人才培养。我国地方戏曲教育资源丰富多样，就黄梅戏而言，其艺术传承经历了从民间师徒授艺到科班剧社传习，再到现代教育体系的构建这样一系列的历史沿革。与其他剧种相比，黄梅戏艺术传承在教育方式、方法、内容、途径、规模等方面表现出相对独特性，其教育发展态势呈现出由单纯的技艺传授到一专多能、全面发展，由台前到幕后，由一般到特殊这样三种主要转变。正确认识地方戏曲人才培养模式的历史沿革，科学把握地方戏曲教育的发展态势与时代需求，可以帮助我们更好地构建或进一步完善地方戏曲艺术的现代教育体系。%In the inheritane and innovation , the talent training is the key for Chinese traditional opera .The local opera education in our country is more abundant in resources .The education of Huangmei Opera has changed from the apprentice to the troupe and old -type opera school , and then to modern education system .Compared with other operas , Huangmei Opera has relative specificity in education modes, methods, contents, ways, scale, etc.Its development tendency has showed three kinds of transformation , from simple skills training to multi-skill and full developments , from the stage to behind the scenes and from the general to the specific .Correct under-standing of the historic evolution of local opera talent training modes , and scientific grasp of local opera development tendency and the requirements of the times can help us build better or to further improve the modern education system of Chinese traditional local opera .