学龄前儿童的个性与家庭环境对其行为影响的研究

摘要

目的：探讨个性及家庭环境对学龄前儿童行为问题的影响。方法采用 Achenbach的儿童行为调查表（CBCL）筛查行为问题儿童，应用艾森克儿童个性问卷（EPQ）和家庭环境量表对128名行为问题儿童（行为问题组）和100名正常对照儿童（正常对照组）进行问卷调查和评估。结果行为问题组儿童内外倾向（E）量表得分低于正常对照组，情绪稳定性（N）量表得分高于对照组（P 均＜0．01）。行为问题组儿童精神质（P）和掩饰倾向（L）量表得分与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。行为问题组与正常对照组儿童在成功性、组织性、情感表达、矛盾性、独立性、亲密度因子上差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05），而在知识性、娱乐性、道德宗教观、控制性因子上与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。情绪稳定性（N）与儿童行为问题呈正相关，精神质（P）与儿童行为问题呈负相关，内外倾向（E）和掩饰倾向（L）与儿童行为问题无相关性。儿童行为问题与家庭亲密度、情感表达、道德性、组织性、文化性呈负相关，与矛盾性、独立性正相关，与娱乐性、成功性和控制性未见明显相关。结论学龄前儿童个性、家庭环境与行为之间存在相关关系；良好的个性、健康的家庭养育环境使儿童行为问题发生率明显降低。%Objective To investigate the influence of preschool children′s personality and family environment on the child′s behavior.Methods Achenbach Child Behavior questionnaire (CBCL)screening was used for children with behavior problems,applied Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Kids (EPQ)and Family Environment Scale Chinese version of the 128 children with behavior problems (behavior problems group)and 100 normal control of children normal control group to finish the questionnaire investigation and evaluation.Results Group behavior problems inside and outside the tendency (E)dimension scale T points of behavior problems group was lower than the control group (P <0.01),emotional stability,T (N)dimension scale points was higher than the control group (P<0.01).Psychoticism (P)dimension and hide (L)dimension scale T points in behavior problems group control group had no statistical significance (P >0.05).The differences of behavior problems group and the control group has statistically significant difference in intimacy,the emotional expression,contradictoriness,independence,success,organization (P <0.01).And in knowledge,entertaining,moral religion,controllability,behavior problems group has no significant difference with control group (P >0.05 ).Correlation analysis showed that emotional stability (N)was positively correlated with child behavior problems and psychoticism (P)was negtively correlated with child behavior problems.Internal and external tendencies (E)and a tendency to hide (L) has no significant correlation with child behavior problems.Family cohesion,expressiveness,independ-ence,cultural,moral,organizational and child behavior problems were negatively correlated with child be-havior problems,conflict and child behavior problems were positively correlated with child behavior prob-lems,entertainment and control did not show significant correlation.Conclusion There is relationship be-tween family environment,preschool children′s personality and behavior;Good personality,positive and healthy family environment is conducive to reducing the occurrence of children′s behavioral problems.