基于PATHFINDER的公共场所人员疏散行为规律及仿真模拟

摘要

研究人员疏散问题对于有效减少踩踏事故发生有着重要意义.为了揭示大型公共场所人员密集区域人员疏散行为规律特征,降低聚集人群风险,文中首先研究了公共场所拥挤人群行为特点,包括行人运动特征、聚集人群心理特征;探讨了恐慌状态下人的行为表现,进而分析踩踏行为的影响因素;使用Pathfinder疏散软件模拟出A植物园某场馆高峰期、低峰期以及场馆内设置复杂环境情况下人员的疏散过程,结果证实人群有明显的从众行为,人数越多出口处堵塞越严重,建筑物内部结构越复杂,疏散效率越低,建筑物内墙体方向设置与疏散效率有关,设置安保人员亦能提高疏散效率.本研究可为大型公共场所人员密集区域人员疏散问题的优化及安全管理提供参考.%Research on evacuation problem is of great significance for effectively reducing the occurrence of trample accident.In order to analyse evacuation behavior rules of large public places and reduce risks of dense crowd,this paper elaborated behavior characteristics of public crowd which includes normal movement characteristics,psychological characteristics of gathering crowd and those in panic state.Secondly influential factors of trample accidents were anlysed.Then people evacuation process was simulated respectively in peak period,low peak period,as well as in complex indoor constuction conditions.The results confirmed that the crowd had obvious herd behavior.The more the number of people,the more serious the blockage of the outlets.The more complex the internal structure of the building,the lower the evacuation efficiency.The wall direction of the building is related to the evacuation efficiency.Security personnel could also improve the evacuation efficiency.This research could provide reference for the optimization and safety management of people evacuation in large public places.