从《环翠堂园景图》看明代徽州园林营造中的文人与人文

摘要

This paper analyzes the historical background where Wang Tingna, the artist of the Engraving of Huanciu Hall Landscape, was living and the visual image which expresses a kind of comfortable and quite life condition that the literati in the late Ming dynasty went after to escape the hustle and bustle of the world. It aims to find the ideal and the soul destination of Huizhou literati in the realistic society then and the value orientation of the construction of Huizhou gardens at the times and provide reference for the research on the construction and humanistic characteristics of Huizhou gardens in late Ming dynasty.%对明代徽州版画《环翠堂园景图》历史背景进行分析并对园景图作者汪廷讷所处历史时期及其所建“坐隐园”（以“环翠堂”为中心建筑的环翠堂园景）与文人的关联性分析，通过园景中所呈现出的文人的通景式罗列详解和由园景图视觉图像呈现的明末文人远离尘世喧嚣，追求安逸、恬静生活状态的考述，进一步探究明代徽州园林中的文人与人文性的关联。在此基础上，明代徽州园林营造中的文人性在人文上水、人文营造和人文意蕴方面有了来自文人生活氛围下的精神依托，从而揭示出明代末期徽州文人在现实社会状态下的理想与心灵归宿，以及明末徽州园林在营造中的人文价值取向，对研究明末徽州园林营造中的文人作用和建筑本身的人文特征具有一定的参考作用。