车身结构阻尼材料减振降噪优化设计

摘要

针对某一乘用车车身结构振动引起的声辐射，建立了车身结构、声学空腔以及声固耦合有限元模型，分析了该乘用车车身的声固耦合特性。通过对车身各板件的贡献度分析，确定了对车内噪声贡献度最大的壁板。针对该壁板的阻尼减振降噪优化设计，建立了拓扑优化模型，采用渐进优化算法（ESO），计算了阻尼材料的优化布局。研究结果表明：阻尼材料的优化布局使阻尼材料的使用率大大提高，50％的阻尼材料用量能基本达到全覆盖阻尼材料壁板的降噪效果，阻尼结构优化设计对车内噪声控制具有一定的理论指导意义。%The vehicle interior noise reduction was focused.The acoustic-structure property was analyzed based on white body,acoustic and acoustic-structure FEM models.Those body panels contributing most to interior noise were determined according to acoustic contribution analysis.To reduce the vibration and noise radiation,an optimization topology model was developed and Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO)method was introduced to obtain the optimal topology configuration of damping material.The results show that the optimal topology configuration can highly improve the efficiency of damping material.The noise reduction measure which requires 100% damping material coverage in the original design can be achieved by the use of 50% damping material coverage.The optimization design for damping structure supplies theoretical support to the vehicle interior noise reduction.