不良天气下驾驶行为研究综述

摘要

不良天气会对城市交通的运行和安全造成较大影响.事实上,不良天气条件下驾驶员驾驶行为的变化是造成交通拥堵和事故发生的根本原因.针对不良天气下的驾驶行为进行综述,对研究不良天气条件下的交通拥堵及事故具有积极意义.面向国内外不良天气条件下驾驶行为研究的进展,从雨、雪、雾3种常见的不良天气出发,对不良天气条件下环境变化及其对驾驶行为的影响进行分析,并对不良天气条件下驾驶行为的研究方向进行探讨.相关研究发现,不同等级的雨、雪、雾天气下驾驶员选择的车速、车头时距等驾驶行为参数以及反应时间、车辆启动延迟均存在较大差异.%Adverse weather has great influences on operation and safety of urban traffic.In fact,the change of driving behavior under adverse weather conditions is the primary cause of traffic congestion and accidents.A review of driving behaviors in adverse weathers is of positive significances for studying traffic congestion and accidents under adverse weather conditions.Studies abroad and in China are both reviewed in this paper.Basing on three common adverse weather conditions (rain,snow,and fog),the environmental change and its impacts on driving behavior are analyzed.Additionally,orientations of future studies are discussed.According to related studies,the results show that drivers choose different speeds and headways in different levels of rain,snow,or fog;the reaction time of drivers and vehicle delay are all different from which in good weather conditions.