说汉语儿童话轮转换语用策略分析

摘要

A linguistic corpus has been set up to to analyze two mandarin-speaking children from 3 to 6 years old. By means of longitudinal, mathematic and statistics methods, the result shows that preschool children have already been able to, consciously or unconsciously, use pragmatic strategies to get the turn from the speaker, keep the turn, give his or her turn to the hearer and mend the overlaps and silence in the conversation. The author tries to analyze the rules and characteristics of children’s turn-taking from aspects of cognition, society and psychology to help children acquire conversations better.%长期跟踪观察两名3岁说汉语的儿童成长到6岁所进行的会话，建立语料库。运用个案跟踪调查法、数理统计法、文献资料法，对语料进行分析，发现学龄前儿童在会话习得过程中，已能对话轮的动态转换有意识或无意识地运用语用策略获得话轮、保持话轮、出让话轮及对会话中的重复和冷场进行修复。从认知、社会和心理等方面分析儿童话轮转换的规律及特点，以更好地帮助儿童习得会话。