从推动到放弃--尼克松第二任期内对中美关系正常化政策的调整

摘要

After his visit to China in 1 972,former US President Richard Nixon pledged to normalize Sino-US relations during his second term of presidency. Evidently, the core problem in the normalization of Sino-US relations was the Taiwan issue.China adhered to the three principles of“severance of diplomatic relations, revocation of treaty, and withdrawal of army after the establishment of diplomatic relations between the P.R.C.and US”;but the US still intended to maintain official exchanges with Taiwan.Though Nixon had thought the Taiwan issue would be properly resolved in early 1 973,his administration’s insensitivity to the problem,coupled with domestic divided opinions,led to the existence of disagreement on the issue until 1 974,which eventually led Nixon to abandon his efforts to normalize Sino-US relations before resignation.%尼克松1972年访华后，曾承诺在第二届总统任期内实现中美关系正常化。众所周知，中美关系正常化最核心的问题是“台湾问题”，中国始终坚持美国在中美建交后要与台湾地区实现“断交、废约、撤军”，但美国却想在中美建交后仍然维持与台湾地区的官方往来。尼克松政府对这一问题的认识不足加之美国国内对此的分歧，致使1973年初尼克松认为能妥善解决的“台湾问题”，直到1974年仍无法与中方就此达成共识，并最终导致尼克松在辞职前就已放弃了在任期内实现中美关系正常化的努力。