广西特色香稻地方品种香味及其香味基因型的鉴定

摘要

[Objective] The aroma and aroma gene genotypes of fragrant rice varieties from different places in Guangxi were identified to provide theoretical basis for exploiting and utilizing the local germplasm resources of Guangxi fragrant rice and breeding high quality characteristic fragrant rice varieties.[Method] The aroma and aroma genotypes of 179 local fragrant rice germplasm resources in Guangxi were identified by combining the traditional aromatic identification methods (KOH soaking and grain chewing) and molecular marker technology.[Result] In the 179 tested varieties,167 fragrant varieties were detected by KOH soaking,and 124 fragrant varieties were detected by grain chewing.Among the varieties were identified as fragrant rice by grain chewing,97.58％ of which also could be detected by KOH soaking.But among the varieties identified as fragrant rice by KOH soaking,only 72.46％ of which could be detected by grain chewing.Seventy-one varieties were detected alleles by molecular marker method,accounting for 39.66％ of the total number of the tested varieties.The alleles were mainly InDel7 and InDel4-5 alleles,only one was detected with InDel2 allele,forty were detected with InDel7 allele,thirty-seven were detected with InDel4-5 allele,but seven were detected InDel7 allele and InDel4-5 allele at the same time,no varieties were detected with InDel13 allele.Among 71 varieties with aromatic alleles,69 were identified as fragrant rice varieties by chewing and/or KOH soaking,with the correct rate reaching 97.18％.The aroma phenotype of 121 varieties identified as fragrant rice by KOH soaking and grain chewing were clear,but only 55 varieties were identified the known aroma alleles,with a detection rate of 45.45％.The tested varieties from Baise could be detected the aroma alleles,which accounted for 53.19％ of the fragrant rice varieties in the city.The varieties contained InDel2 allele,InDel7 allele and InDel4-5 allele,but Indel7 allele was predominant.The tested varieties from Hechi could be detected aroma alleles,and the percentage of aroma alleles in the fragrant rice varieties was the highest,up to 64.10％.Only two fragrance genotypes were detected,and Indel4-5 allele was predominant.The proportion of aromatic alleles detected in Liuzhou and other cities were far lower than those in Baise and Hechi.[Conclusion]Local fragrant rice varieties in Guangxi have strong regional characteristics,and the aromatic allelic genes of different regions are very different.New aroma genes or aroma alleles may be found in Guangxi local fragrant rice varieties except the reported fragrancearoma alleles.The four known alleles are not enough to detect all varieties of fragrant rice.Combining methods of grain chewing and KOH soaking at the same time can obtained fragrant rice varieties more accurately.%[目的]鉴定广西地方香稻品种的香味及其香味基因型,为开发和利用广西香稻地方种质资源及选育优质特色香稻品种提供理论依据.[方法]将传统香味鉴定方法(KoH浸泡法和籽粒咀嚼法)与分子标记技术结合,对179份广西地方香稻种质资源的香味及其香味基因型进行鉴定.[结果]179份供试材料中,KOH浸泡法检测到具有香味的材料167份,籽粒咀嚼法检测到具有香味的材料124份.籽粒咀嚼法鉴定为香稻的品种中97.58％能用KOH浸泡法鉴定出香味,但KOH浸泡法鉴定为香稻的品种中仅72.46％能用籽粒咀嚼法鉴定出香味.利用分子标记法能检测到等位基因的有71份,占供试材料总数的39.66％,主要以InDel7和InDel4-5等位基因为主,其中仅1份检测到InDel2等位基因,40份检测到InDe17等位基因,37份检测到InDel4-5等位基因,未检测到InDel13等位基因,但有7份同时检测到In-Del7等位基因和InDel4-5等位基因.71份能检测到等位基因的材料中有69份被籽粒咀嚼法和/或KOH浸泡法鉴定为香稻品种,正确率达97.18％.在籽粒咀嚼法和KOH浸泡法均鉴定为香稻的121个品种中,香味表型明确,但仅有55个品种能检测到等位基因,检出率为45.45％.来自百色市的供试材料中能检测到等位基因的品种占该市香稻品种总数的53.19％,含有InDe12、InDel7和InDel4-5等位基因型,但以Indel7等位基因型为主;来自河池市的供试材料中能检测到等位基因品种占该市香稻品种总数的比例最高,达64.10％,但只检测到2种基因型,以Indel4-5等位基因型为主;柳州市及其他市能检测到等位基因的比例远低于百色市和河池市.[结论]广西香稻地方品种具有较强的地域特色,不同地区的香稻香味等位基因存在明显差异,且可能存在已报道的等位基因之外的香味基因或香味等位基因,仅用4个已报道的等位基因不足以检测出全部的香稻品种,应将分子标记法与传统鉴定方法相结合,才可更准确鉴定出香稻品种.