基于大数据的网约车运行特征评估及政策思考

摘要

为了给出租车行业改革和规范网约车管理工作提供科学依据,提出一种“双维度”的网约车运行特征大数据评估方法.以深圳为例,融合网约车车牌数据、车牌识别数据、出租车(含网约车)营运数据等多源数据以及出租车出行特征SP调查结果来评估网约车整体运行特征.结果表明,当前深圳网约车构成可分为专职网约车、非活跃网约车和兼职网约车三类,分别占总规模比例为4％,55％和41％.在网约车时空运行特征方面,专职网约车具有接近传统巡游出租车的营运特征;非活跃网约车和兼职网约车的运营与早晚高峰时段的通勤需求相吻合,但兼职网约车在晚上运营时间更长.由于网约车叫车方便和价格优惠,对居民出行方式选择产生了重要影响;网约车对传统公交和巡游出租车的替代效应显而易见.在网约车行业发展的关键阶段,本研究可为政府部门客观认识网约车行业发展规律和制定相关管理政策提供决策参考.%A double-dimensional big data assessment method on the characteristics of on-line taxi traffic operation is proposed to provide a scientific basis for carrying out the taxi industry reform and standardizing the on-line taxi hailing management work.Taking Shenzhen as an example,multisource data such as on-line taxi license plate data,plate identification data and taxi (including on-line taxis) operation data are combined with the results of the stated preference (SP) survey on taxi operating characteristics to assess the overall operation characteristics of on-line taxis.The results show that the current on-line taxis in Shenzhen can be divided into three categories,that is,full-time on-line taxis,non-active on-line taxis and part-time on-line taxis,accounting for 4％,55％,and 41％,respectively,of the total quantity.In terms of the characteristics of space-time operations,full-time on-line taxis have similar operating characteristics as those of traditional taxis;the operation of non-active on-line taxis and part-time on-line taxis coincides with commuting requirements during morning and evening peak hours.However,part-time on-line taxis operate for a much longer time period at night.Due to the convenient hailing and favorable price,on-line taxis have a significant impact on trip modes of citizens;and the substitution effect of on-line taxis on traditional buses and cruising taxis is obvious.It is beneficial for helping the government departments to objectively understand the development law of the on-line taxi industry and providing decision reference for the formulation of relevant management policies during the critical development stage of on-line taxi industry.