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东南大学学报（英文版）

东南大学学报（英文版）

Journal of Southeast University(English Edition)
本刊为理工科综合性学术刊物，公开发行。主要刊登本校及校外在土木建筑、机械动力、无线电电子、计算机与自动控制、电力电气、热能工程交通运输、材料科学、生物医学、管理科学与工程、数理化等学科的最新科研成果，促进国内外学术交流。
  • 发文量：2095
  • 被引量：315
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  • 国内刊号/CN：32-1325/N
    国际刊号/ISSN：1003-7985
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  • 主管单位：中华人民共和国教育部
    主办单位：东南大学
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  • 主编：毛善锋
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  • 地址：南京市四牌楼2号
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东南大学学报（英文版） >2021年第4期

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  • 摘要：利用2种不同的方法加筋沥青罩面:①在沥青混合料中加入短切玻璃纤维改善沥青混凝土的特性,②采用玻璃格珊加筋沥青混凝土.应用断裂力学方法分析沥青路面裂缝扩展机理.采用沥青混合料设计试验、三点弯曲试验和疲劳裂缝扩展试验,确定加筋沥青混凝土的临界应力强度因子KIC,测量每一种沥青罩面抗裂系统的裂缝扩展速率.本研究的主要特点是提出复合型抗裂罩面系统,分析了多层加筋沥青罩面裂缝扩展过程,推荐了若干沥青路面抗裂系统.结果证明,加筋材料可以提高沥青罩面的抗裂特性,复合型抗裂罩面系统能够有效地阻止反射裂缝的扩展.%Two different reinforcing methodologies are applied:modification of the overlay characteristics by adding chopped glass fibers to the hot mixture asphalt (HMA) and reinforcing asphalt overlay with glass grids.Theory of fracture mechanics (FM) is employed to determine crack growth rates for the suggested anti-cracking overlay systems.Asphalt mixture designing tests,three point bending tests and fatigue crack propagation tests were carried out.The critical stress intensity factors KIC are determined for plain and reinforced asphalt concrete.Depending on the fatigue crack propagation,the crack growth rate is determined for each type of anti-cracking system and the cracking process is also analyzed.One of the significant points in this study is the attempt to give better understanding of the crack propagation for multilayer asphaltic overlay or what are suggested herein to be called composite structure anti-cracking overlay system.The results indicate that the reinforcing materials improve anti-cracking characteristics of the asphalt concrete.Composite structure anti-cracking overlay gives a good solution for the reflective cracking phenomenon over old cracked pavements.
  • 摘要：To analyze the effects of heterogeneous material characteristics on rock failure,a micro-heterogeneous physical cellular automata (Mh-PCA) model is introduced according to the cellular automata theory from a general power view.In this model,the neighbor is the Moore pattern and the Weibull distribution is adopted to simulate the rock heterogeneousness.Using this model,the evolvements and acoustic emission of rock failure are simulated for four materials of different degree of homogeneousness (m＝1,5,10,15).The results show that the heterogeneous characteristic has a great effect on the rock failure,the more the homogeneousness,the fewer the crack branches and the more concentrated acoustic emissions.The physical cellular automata theory gives a new idea for studying rock failure.%为了分析岩石材料的非均质性对其破坏演化的影响,根据元胞自动机理论,从能量的角度建立了一种能够从细观层次上对岩石破坏演化进行模拟的物理元胞自动机模型(Mh-PCA模型),模型引用的Weibull随机分布函数对材料的非均质性进行描述.运用该模型,对m分别为1,5,10,15四种不同均质度材料的破坏模式及其破坏过程中的声发射现象进行了模拟分析.结果表明:材料的非均质性对其破坏有重要的影响,均质度越高,破坏过程中的分支裂纹越少,声发射也越集中.物理元胞自动机理论为岩石的破坏研究提供了一种新的研究思路.
  • 摘要：Management tactics for urban traffic management are presented.The tactics that underlie traffic demand management (TDM) are preferential development tactics, controlled development tactics,prohibited development tactics and economic lever tactics,and those that underlie traffic system management (TSM) are node traffic management tactics,arterial traffic management tactics and area traffic management tactics.The specific contents and design methods of urban traffic total demand control,urban traffic structure optimization,road traffic movement organization based on TDM and intersection traffic management,road signs and markings management,optimized design of traffic signals and management of parking spaces based on TSM are put forward.The urban traffic management planning scheme design method has already been used in the urban traffic management "Smooth Traffic Project" in China.%为提高交通管理的科学性,构建了城市交通管理的管理策略体系,包括交通需求管理模式下的优先发展策略、控制发展策略、禁止出行策略、经济杠杆策略,及交通系统管理模式下的节点交通管理策略、干线交通管理策略、区域交通管理策略.并提出了基于城市交通需求管理模式的城市交通需求总量控制、城市交通结构优化、道路交通运行组织方法,及基于城市交通系统管理模式的道路交叉口交通管理、道路交通标志标线管理、交通信号灯优化设计、城市停车场规划与管理等方法.提出的城市交通管理规划方案设计方法已经在全国城市交通管理"畅通工程"中推广应用.
  • 摘要：A method of space-time block coding (STBC) system based on adaptive beamforming of cyclostationarity signal algorithm is proposed.The method uses cyclostationarity of signals to achieve adaptive beamforming,then constructs a pair of low correlated transmit beams based on beamform estimation of multiple component signals of uplink.Using these two selected transmit beams,signals encoded by STBC are transmitted to achieve diversity gain and beamforming gain at the same time,and increase the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of downlink.With simple computation and fast convergence performance,the proposed scheme is applicable for time division multiple access (TDMA) wireless communication operated in a complex interference environment.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has better performance than conventional STBC,and can obtain a gain of about 5 dB when the bit error ratio (BER) is 10-4.%提出一种基于自适应波束形成循环平稳信号算法的STBC系统,首先利用信号的循环平稳性质实现自适应波束形成,然后基于对上行链路感兴趣信号的多个分量的波束形成的估计来构造一对低相关的发送波束,经STBC编码后的即可发送以同时达到分集增益和波束形成增益,并增加下行链路的SNR.提出的方法具有计算简单和快速收敛的性能,可应用于复杂干扰环境下的TDMA无线通信.仿真结果表明这个方法比常规STBC有更好的性能,在误码率为10-4时,可获得5 dB增益.
  • 摘要：首先提出了最优形状子空间概念,它由主要形状子空间和主要形状变化子空间联合构成,最大程度上包含了搜索形状上的变化,更贴近现实中要搜索的目标.然后,在仔细研究了经典算法中的搜索过程后,通过引入代价函数和反馈机制,提出了一种最优搜索的概念,使在搜索过程中搜索、评价、反馈不断地进行,最后得到最佳的搜索结果.实验表明:提出的最优形状子空间在保证主要形状的基础上给出了最大限度的形状变化,最优搜索过程可保证搜索到局部的惟一最优形状.它们的综合大大改善了动态形状模型的性能,并提高了搜索的精确性.%A novel idea,called the optimal shape subspace (OSS) is first proposed for optimizing active shape model (ASM) search.It is constructed from the principal shape subspace and the principal shape variance subspace.It allows the reconstructed shape to vary more than that reconstructed in the standard ASM shape space,hence it is more expressive in representing shapes in real life.Then a cost function is developed,based on a study on the search process.An optimal searching method using the feedback information provided by the evaluation cost is proposed to improve the performance of ASM alignment.Experimental results show that the proposed OSS can offer the maximum shape variation with reserving the principal information and a unique local optimal shape is acquired after optimal searching.The combination of OSS and optimal searching can improve the ASM performance greatly.
  • 摘要：An anchorage reliability analysis approach for simply supported reinforced concrete beams under corrosion attack in the anchorage zone is developed.The first-order second-moment method is employed to analyze the effects of various factors on the anchorage reliability.These factors include both the length and width of cover cracking due to reinforcement corrosion,the cover thickness,the anchorage length,and the stirrup ratio.The results show that the effect of corrosion-induced crack length on the reliability index for anchorage,β0,is negligible when the crack on the concrete surface is just appearing,but with the crack widening,the β0 value is reduced significantly;the considerable changes in β0 result from a variation in cover depth and anchorage length;the effect of changes in the diameter or space of stirrups on the anchorage resistance is very limited,and the variation in β0 is also very low.%为了研究锚固区混凝土锈胀开裂后构件的锚固可靠度的变化情况,采用一次二阶矩方法分析了锈胀裂缝的长度及宽度、保护层厚度、钢筋锚固长度以及配箍率等参数对混凝土简支梁锚固可靠度的影响.分析结果表明:当保护层刚开裂时,锈胀裂缝长度对锚固可靠指标β0的影响很小,此后,随着裂缝宽度的增加,β0有了明显的降低;保护层厚度和锚固长度的变化对β0有相当大的影响;改变箍筋的直径或间距对锚固抗力的影响很小,因此,β0变化的幅度也很小.
  • 摘要：以7根1:3模型梁为研究对象,试验研究箱形型钢混凝土(SRC)梁的性能.试验结果表明,箱形SRC梁的抗弯强度随纵筋配筋率和型钢翼缘板厚度的增大而提高,剪切强度随型钢腹板的厚度增大而提高.箱形型钢内浇注混凝土不但可避免型钢屈曲破坏而且还可提高梁的极限荷载.型钢和混凝土间的连接需要改善以加强混凝土和型钢的共同工作作用.给出了箱形SRC组合梁的抗弯承载力和抗剪承载力计算公式,计算结果和试验结果吻合良好.箱形SRC组合梁是一种延性构件,适用于工程实践应用.%Experimental study on the fundamental behavior of box shape steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beams was conducted. Seven 1: 3 scale model SRC beams were tested to failure. The experimental results indicate that the flexural strength increases with the increase of the ratio of flexural reinforcement and the thickness of flange of the shape steel; the shear strength increases with the increase in the thickness of the web of the shape steel. Concrete filled in the box shape steel can prevent the early failure of specimens due to the buckling of the box shape steel,and increase the ultimate load. Measures should be made to strengthen the connection and co-work between the shape steel and the concrete. Formulae for flexural and shear strength of the composite beams are proposed, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. In general, the box shape SRC beam is a kind of ductile member, and it is suitable for extensive engineering application.
  • 摘要：利用Lyapunov函数并结合不等式的技巧,给出了一些充分判据来确保一类脉冲神经网络系统具有全局指数稳定性的周期解.给出的充分判据仅仅要求激励函数是李普希兹连续的,而对它的有界性、单调性及可微性都不再要求.这些充分判据在实际应用中非常容易验证,也可利用这些判据来设计全局指数周期的脉冲神经网络.%By the Lyapunov function method, combined with the inequality techniques, some criteria are established to ensure the existence, uniqueness and global exponential stability of the periodic solution for a class of impulsive neural networks. The results obtained only require the activation functions to be globally Lipschitz continuous without assuming their boundedness, monotonicity or differentiability. The conditions are easy to check in practice and they can be applied to design globally exponentially periodic impulsive neural networks.
  • 摘要：为了抑制多载波通信中发送信号相对较高的峰值功率,提出了一种新的基于交织的选择性映射方案.在该方案中,采用一组交织跨度仅为几个比特的比特级交织器来产生多个表示相同信息的序列,从中选择对应信号峰均比最低的序列作为发送的序列.描述了该方案的实现方式以及这种短跨度交织器的结构.通过仿真考察了该映射方案在降低多载波信号峰均比方面的性能.结果表明该方案在抑制峰均比方面呈现出很好的性能,对于高阶调制信号,如16QAM和64QAM,它甚至达到选择性映射所能实现的最佳性能.与传统的基于交织的选择性映射方案相比较,这种基于短跨度交织的选择性映射方案产生非常短的时间延迟,只需要很少的缓冲寄存器,且易于用硬件实现.%A novel interleaving based selected mapping (SLM) scheme to depress the relatively high peak power of transmit signals in multicarrier communications is proposed. In the scheme, a group of bit-level interleavers spanning only a few bits are used to produce multiple sequences representing the same information, and one of the sequences resulting in the lowest peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is selected for transmission. The implementation of the scheme including the structure of the short-span interleaver is illustrated. The performance of this PAPR reduction scheme is investigated by simulations. This scheme exhibits a good PAPR reduction performance, and for signals of high level modulation, such as 16QAM and 64QAM, it approaches the best performance of all SLM schemes. Compared to the conventional interleaving SLM, this short-span interleaving SLM results in a very short time delay, requires very few register units for buffering, and can be easily implemented by hardware.
  • 摘要：在分析空时编码技术和多载波CDMA技术原理的基础上,采用turbo编码作为信道编码以及优化的复小波包作为多载波调制,提出一种基于复小波包和turbo码的空时分组编码的MC-CDMA系统,研究了其在瑞利衰落信道下的误码率性能.该系统能充分利用空时分组编码的发送分集和turbo码的良好抗信道衰落能力显著提高系统性能,而且还能利用优化复小波包的优良特性避免通常MC-CDMA系统由于插入循环前缀(CP)所带来频谱效率的降低.仿真结果表明,基于复小波包的空时分组编码的MC-CDMA系统要好于空时分组编码的通常MC-CDMA(STBC-MC-CDMA)系统,略好于采用CP的STBC-MC-CDMA系统;级联turbo码的空时编码技术的应用进一步增强了系统抗衰落信道下的各种干扰能力.%On the basis of analyzing the principle of the space-time coding technique and the multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) technique, adopting the turbo codes as channel coding and the optimized complex wavelet packet as multi-carrier modulation, a novel space-time block coded the MC-CDMA system based on complex wavelet packet and turbo coding is proposed, and the system bit error rate (BER)performance in the Rayleigh fading channel is investigated. The system can make full use of space-time block codes' transmit diversity and turbo codes' good ability against fading channel to improve the BER performance significantly, and it can also avoid the decrease of spectrum efficiency of conventional MC-CDMA due to inserting cyclic prefix (CP) by utilizing superior characteristics of the optimized complex wavelet packet.Simulation results show that the proposed space-time block coded MC-CDMA system based on the complex wavelet packet performs better than the conventional space-time block coded MC-CDMA (STBC-MC-CDMA)system, and slightly outperforms the STBC-MC-CDMA with CP. Moreover, the application of the space-time block coding technique concatenated with turbo codes strengthens the system ability to combat various interferences in fading channel further.
  • 摘要：为了消除在磁共振成像过程中奇、偶回波之间的相位移动产生的ghost伪影,提出了基于混合空间投影的方法.首先运用混合空间沿相位方向的投影来计算奇、偶回波的相位差,然后对相位差进行非线性拟合并对奇偶回波的相位进行恢复,最后沿相位编码方向作傅立叶逆变换得到校正图像.实验结果表明运用该方法线性和非线性相位差均可以被校正,可以明显降低ghost伪影的强度.实验结果证明了算法消除ghost伪影的有效性.%Ghost artifacts occur in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reconstruction because odd and even echoes have different phase offsets. A method based on the projection in hybrid-space is described to remove ghost artifacts. First, the projection of the even and odd lines along phase-encoding direction in hybrid-space was used to estimate the phase difference between odd and even echoes. Secondly, we fit the phase difference and used it to correct the phase of even or odd echoes. Finally, the corrected image was obtained by performing the inverse Fourier transform along phase-encoding direction in hybrid-space. The experimental results show that linear and nonlinear differences can be corrected and the intensity of ghost artifacts is significantly reduced. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in ghost artifact removal.
  • 摘要：无
  • 摘要：A novel algorithm of 3-D surface image registration is proposed. It makes use of the array information of 3-D points and takes vector/vertex-like features as the basis of the matching. That array information of 3-D points can be easily obtained when capturing original 3-D images. The iterative least-mean-squared (LMS)algorithm is applied to optimizing adaptively the transformation matrix parameters. These can effectively improve the registration performance and hurry up the matching process. Experimental results show that it can reach a good subjective impression on aligned 3-D images. Although the algorithm focuses primarily on the human head model, it can also be used for other objects with small modifications.%提出了一种能有效实现物体表面三维图像数据配准的算法.该算法利用了三维数据采集时的三维点的阵列信息,这些三维点的阵列信息在采集原始三维数据时可以很容易获得,同时,还利用了三维数据矢量/顶点相似特征作为数据匹配的基础.采用迭代最小均方误差算法来自适应优化变换矩阵参数.这些方法可以有效地提高三维图像配准的性能,加快匹配过程的运算速度.实验结果表明该算法可以获得较好的配准后三维图像的主观效果.尽管该方法主要针对人头模型,但经过少许修改后即可适用于其他物体.
  • 摘要：To avoid missing track caused by the target maneuvers in automatic target tracking system, a new maneuvering target tracking technique called threshold interacting multiple model (TIMM) is proposed. This algorithm is based on the interacting multiple model (IMM) method and applies a threshold controller to improve tracking accuracy. It is also applicable to other advanced algorithms of IMM. In this research, we also compare the position and velocity root mean square (RMS) errors of TIMM and IMM algorithms with two different examples. Simulation results show that the TIMM algorithm is superior to the traditional IMM algorithm in estimation accuracy.%针对如何避免或减少由于目标的机动运动所带来的估计误差问题,提出了具有门限的相互作用多模型估计(TIMM)的新算法.该算法主要应用于雷达目标自动跟踪系统中.TIMM算法在相互作用多模型估计器(IMM)算法的基础上引入门限控制器来提高跟踪精度,该算法同样适用于其他各种改进的IMM算法.通过2个不同的例子,对由TIMM和IMM这2种算法产生的均方根误差进行比较.仿真结果表明,同IMM算法相比较,TIMM算法可减少估计误差,从而提高机动目标的跟踪性能.
  • 摘要：To get the probability of long span bridges under the influence of external random factors, the Monte Carlo method using Latin hypercube sampling is applied. Combined with the condition assessment system on Runyang Suspension Bridge, which is the longest suspension bridge in China, the structural probabilities in normal and damaged situations are calculated with the external random factors considered including environmental temperature, wind load, load of vehicles, etc. The main assessment items contain the maximal vertical displacement of girder, the maximal stress of cables, the maximal horizontal displacement of towers etc. Finally, the probabilities and their cumulative distribution functions are provided. The analysis results can be plotted on line in a clear and vivid way, so the efficiency of assessment is increased and the decision-making of maintenance is more objective and accurate.%为了定量地研究大跨桥梁在多种随机因素下的可靠度,采用了蒙特卡罗法中的拉丁超立方体抽样法,对润扬悬索桥(中国跨度最大的悬索桥)在温度、风、车辆荷载、车辆冲击等随机变量作用下的结构可靠度进行了计算.通过对大桥在正常运营和损伤状态下的可靠度分析,获得了大桥主缆应力、吊索应力、桥塔位移以及钢箱梁线形等重要指标的可靠度和累积分布函数,分析结果形象直观,提高了评估的效率,使维护决策的制定更加客观准确.
  • 摘要：This paper focuses on solving a problem of improving system robustness and the efficiency of a distributed system at the same time. Fault tolerance with active replication and load balancing techniques are used. The pros and cons of both techniques are analyzed, and a novel load balancing framework for fault tolerant systems with active replication is presented. Hierarchical architecture is described in detail. The framework can dynamically adjust fault tolerant groups and their memberships with respect to system loads.Three potential task scheduler group selection methods are proposed and simulation tests are made. Further analysis of test data is done and helpful observations for system design are also pointed out, including effects of task arrival intensity and task set size, relationship between total task execution time and single task execution time.%研究解决了在分布式系统中同时提高系统可靠性和运行效率的问题.针对基于主动复制的容错技术和负载平衡技术,分析了这2种技术的优势和劣处,提出了一种基于主动复制容错的负载平衡框架,讨论了该框架的层次结构.该框架能够根据系统负载,动态地调整系统中容错组的个数以及容错组中成员的个数.提出了3种选择任务调度组的方法,并进行了仿真测试.通过对仿真测试数据的分析,对任务到达强度、任务集大小以及单个任务执行时间与任务集执行时间的关系进行了讨论,这些分析结论将有助于分布式系统的设计.
  • 摘要：采用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了润扬悬索桥的三维有限元模型并对其进行了自振特性分析,同时计算了各种工况下大桥的应力及位移响应.基于灵敏度的物理意义以及罚函数的思想,提出了一种结构有限元模型修正的新方法.该方法仍以自振特性为目标函数,以结构设计参数为待修正参数,但设计参数的上下限根据测试所得静力响应值和理论值的对比以及工程经验来确定,因此静力响应可用于验证修正后的有限元模型.采用结构健康监测系统数据及提出的方法对大桥有限元模型进行了修正与验证,得到了能够较好地反映大桥整体动静力性能的有限元基准模型,为润扬悬索桥的健康监测和损伤预警提供了研究基础.%Based on the finite element (FE) program ANSYS, a three-dimensional model for the Runyang Suspension Bridge (RSB) is established. The structural natural frequency, vibration mode, stress and displacement response under various load cases are given. A new method of FE model updating is presented based on the physical meaning of sensitivity and the penalty function concept. In this method, the structural model is updated by modifying the parameters of design, and validated by structural natural vibration characteristics, stress response as well as displacement response. The design parameters used for updating are bounded according to measured static response and engineering judgment. The FE model of RSB is updated and validated by the measurements coming from the structural health monitoring system (SHMS), and the FE baseline model reflecting the current state of RSB is achieved. Both the dynamic and static results show that the method is effective in updating the FE model of long span suspension bridges. The results obtained provide an important research basis for damage alarming and health monitoring of the RSB.
  • 摘要：Burgers equation in random environment is studied. In order to give the exact solutions of random Burgers equation, we only consider the Wick-type stochastic Burgers equation which is the perturbation of the Burgers equation with variable coefficients by white noise W(t) = (B)t, where B, is a Brown motion. The autoB(a)cklund transformation and stochastic soliton solutions of the Wick-type stochastic Burgers equation are shown by the homogeneous balance and Hermite transform. The generalization of the Wick-type stochastic Burgers equation is also studied.%研究了随机环境中的Burgers方程.为了给出随机Burgers方程的精确解,只讨论变系数Burgers方程的系数经白噪声W(t)=(B)(t)扰动所得的Wick型随机Burgers方程(B(t)是Brown运动),利用齐次平衡原理和Hermite变换给出了Wick型随机Burgers方程的自B(a)cklund变换和随机孤立子解的精确表达式,同时也研究了一般情形的Wick型随机Burgers方程.
  • 摘要：A new method for solving the tiling problem of surface reconstruction is proposed. The proposed method uses a snake algorithm to segment the original images, the contours are then transformed into strings by Freeman' s code. Symbolic string matching technique is applied to establish a correspondence between the two consecutive contours. The surface is composed of the pieces reconstructed from the correspondence points.Experimental results show that the proposed method exhibits a good behavior for the quality of surface reconstruction and its time complexity is proportional to mn where m and n are the numbers of vertices of the two consecutive slices, respectively.%利用链码理论对已获取的层间轮廓线进行编码,将二维的轮廓曲线转化为包含轮廓形状信息的一维链码;以包含轮廓形状相似信息的"链间距离"为目标函数,采用链码匹配技术完成相邻层轮廓特征点的匹配,将复杂轮廓线分割为若干简单的曲线段,重构的曲面由这些分片构造的三角片曲面拼接而成.实验表明该算法能够找出复杂轮廓线上恰当的对应特征点,从而构造出较真实的曲面.
  • 摘要：基于小波包分析推导了结构动力系统在不同分析尺度上的状态方程和观测方程,在此基础上研究了结构动力响应在不同分析尺度上的时-频特性.理论分析证明,采用小波包分解结构的动力响应得到小波包能量谱,将可以表征结构损伤的发生.在此基础上进行了小波包能量谱关于结构损伤和观测噪声的敏感性研究,分析了结构系统矩阵和测量噪声在各个分析尺度上的递推性.结果表明,采用结构动力响应的小波包能量谱进行结构损伤预警具有较好的损伤敏感性和噪声鲁棒性.%The state equation and observation equation of the structural dynamic systems under various analysis scales are derived based on wavelet packet analysis. The time-frequency properties of structural dynamic response under various scales are further formulated. The theoretical analysis results reveal that the wavelet packet energy spectrum (WPES) obtained from wavelet packet decomposition of structural dynamic response will detect the presence of structural damage. The sensitivity analysis of the WPES to structural damage and measurement noise is also performed. The transfer properties of the structural system matrix and the observation noise under various analysis scales are formulated, which verify the damage alarming reliability using the proposed WPES with preferable damage sensitivity and noise robusticity.
  • 摘要：分析了脉冲方式直扩二相相移键控超宽带无线通信系统在室内多用户和密集多径环境下用户码对系统性能的影响,推导了采用Rake接收时系统的输出信号,并为直扩超宽带系统提供了一种简单而切实可行的用户码方案,即:在大的脉冲波形占空比的条件下,直接选用码长足够长的、具有良好的互相关正交特性的随机或伪随机用户码即能使脉冲方式直扩超宽带无线系统获得接近最佳的性能,从而不必精心设计和选择用户码.仿真了Rake接收时CM1～CM4多径信道下采用Gold序列与随机二进制PN序列作为用户码时的多用户性能,验证了提出的用户码方案的可行性.%The performance of multi-user code to direct spreading bi-phase shift keying (DS-BPSK) direct impulse ultra wideband (UWB) systems under indoor multi-user and multi-path environment is analyzed and simulated. The system output signals with Rake receiver are derived, then a simple and practical code selection scheme is given; i. e., with a large occupation to empty ratio of the repeating pulses, directly choosing those random or pseudo-random user codes with enough length and good co-relative orthogonal features will make the performance of DS-BPSK approximate the optimum and, so there is no need to carefully design the code or its type. The system multi-access performances are simulated using Gold sequence and PN codes as multi-user codes under CM1-CM4 multi-path channels. Simulation results prove that the proposed scheme is feasible.
  • 摘要：研究了信道估计的均方误差,利用无限长、非因果的维纳滤波器推导出了它的下界.通过对不同衰落信道多普勒谱的积分,求出了相应的信道估计均方误差下界的闭合表达式,并在此基础上得到了分集系统在独立同分布的衰落信道中采用最大比合并时的误码率下界.数值分析结果表明,非理想信道估计下最大比合并的误码率性能是以理想信道估计的结果为下界,并随着最大多普勒频移的增加或信道估计信噪比的减小而逐渐劣化.%The theoretical lower bounds on mean squared channel estimation errors for typical fading channels are presented by the infinite-length and non-causal Wiener filter and the exact closed-form expressions of the lower bounds for different channel Doppler spectra are derived. Based on the obtained lower bounds on mean squared channel estimation errors, the limits on bit error rate (BER) for maximal ratio combining (MRC) with Gaussian distributed weighting errors on independent and identically distributed (i. i. d) fading channels are presented. Numerical results show that the BER performances of ideal MRC are the lower bounds on the BER performances of non-ideal MRC and deteriorate as the maximum Doppler frequency increases or the SNR of channel estimate decreases.
  • 摘要：结合空时OFDM和转换编码技术,提出了一种无线衰落信道下具有可分级转码能力的鲁棒视频传输方法.采用可分级转码器将高质量的MPEG-2压缩视频转换为低码率、低分辨率MPEG-4可分级码流来满足网络带宽和终端设备显示的要求.在接收端采用一种层干扰抑制算法,使得分层空时OFDM系统不同层的传输性能存在差异,从而使系统具有不对等保护能力.根据分级码流的重要程度不同,将转码输出的可分级码流分别由分层空时编码OFDM系统的不同层来实现视频的鲁棒传输.实验结果表明:在典型的随机突发错误的无线环境下,提出的具有可分级转码能力的系统的视频传输性能优于传统的非分级转码的视频传输系统.%A new scheme combining a scalable transcoder with space time block codes (STBC) for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system is proposed for robust video transmission in dispersive fading channels. The target application for such a scalable transcoder is to provide successful access to the pre-encoded high quality video MPEG-2 from mobile wireless terminals. In the scalable transcoder, besides outputting the MPEG-4 fine granular scalability (FGS) bitstream, both the size of video frames and the bit rate are reduced. And an array processing algorithm of layer interference suppression is used at the receiver which makes the system structure provide different levels of protection to different layers. Furthermore, by considering the important level of scalable bitstream, the different bitstreams can be given different level protection by the system structure and channel coding. With the proposed system, the concurrent large diversity gain characteristic of STBC and alleviation of the frequency-selective fading effect of OFDM can be achieved. The simulation results show that the proposed schemes integrating scalable transcoding can provide a basic quality of video transmission and outperform the conventional single layer transcoding transmitted under the random and bursty error channel conditions.
  • 摘要：Aimed at the stabilization of the nonholonomic chained system under fixed sample control, two control laws were proposed. The discrete model of the nonholonomic chained system under zero-hold was obtained through the integrate method to the continuous model. And the discrete model was transformed to the form with two linear subsystems through coordinate transformation. Two feedback control laws, time-invariant control law and time-varying control law, were proposed; and the local stabilization and global stabilization were realized respectively. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control laws. The discrete nonholonomic chained system can converge to zero from any initial state exponentially, and the convergence rate can be changed through changing the parameters of the control laws.%针对定常采样过程中非完整链式系统的镇定问题,提出了2个反馈控制律.首先通过对连续模型的积分运算,得到了零阶保持器下非完整链式系统的离散模型,然后利用坐标变换,将其转换为2个线性子系统的形式,并提出了2种反馈镇定控制律:时不变反馈控制律和时变反馈控制律,分别实现了对离散非完整链式系统的局部和全局镇定.仿真实验表明所提反馈控制律是行之有效的.在它们的作用下,离散非完整链式系统能从任意的初始状态指数收敛到原点,并且通过改变反馈控制律的参数能改变系统各状态的收敛速度.
  • 摘要：This paper studies the effect of different environmental factors, including the axle load weight,environmental temperature, vehicle speed, and the aging level of asphalt, on the fatigue performance of asphalt mixes based on four-point bending beam fatigue tests. A fractional factorial design method named "uniform design" was applied in experimental design. The relations of the environmental factors to initial stiffness, fatigue life, phase angle and cumulative dissipated energy were established with the general linear modeling method. It is found that there exists very good correlativity between the environmental factors and the fatigue performance indices of asphalt mixes. The coefficients of total correlation are mainly beyond 0. 95. The results indicate that the consideration of the effect of environmental factors is necessary in the fatigue performance evaluation on real asphalt pavement.%通过4点弯曲小梁疲劳试验,研究了不同的外界环境因素(包括轴载大小、环境温度、车流速度以及沥青老化程度等)对沥青混合料疲劳性能的影响作用.应用均匀试验设计理论设计了具体的试验方案,并采用广义多元线性回归方法建立了各环境因素与沥青混合料初始劲度模量、疲劳寿命、滞后角和累积耗散能指标之间的关系.发现沥青混合料的各疲劳特性指标与环境影响因素之间存在很好的相关性,全相关系数基本在0.95以上.结果表明在实际沥青路面疲劳性能评价中考虑外界环境因素的影响作用是必要的.
  • 摘要：通过对江阴大桥浇注式沥青铺装4年的现场调查与跟踪,研究了浇注式沥青铺装的开裂原因.根据裂缝长度与宽度对其进行了总结以得到裂缝的发展规律.为评估交通荷载对铺装层的影响,同时进行了包括交通量、轴重、车速等调查.对现场取回的试样分别进行了拉拔试验与疲劳试验以评估铺装层的真实状况.结果表明:铺装层的疲劳抗力与高温稳定性不足、层间粘结层较弱、低速超载的大交通等是导致铺装层开裂的主要原因.%Based on four-year field inspection and investigation on deck pavement of mastic asphalt on Jiangyin Bridge, cracking causes of mastic asphalt are studied. Cracks of deck pavement are summarized on crack length and width to get a clear view of their propagations. Traffic surveys including traffic volume, axle load and vehicle speed were also conducted to assess their influences. Samples taken on-site were tested with pulling-out test and fatigue test to benchmark their properties. According to the inspection and tests results, it is concluded that the cracks are induced by rutting and fatigue. Lack of fatigue resistance, not well bonded to the steel deck and insufficient high temperature stability are supposed to be the main reasons as well as high density of low speed, excessively overloaded trucks.
  • 摘要：Based on the variational approach for pile groups embedded in soil modeled using a load-transfer curve method, a practical method was conducted to estimate the settlement of symmetric pile group supported embankments. The working mechanism of composite foundations improved by rigid or semi-rigid columns is analyzed by this method. Under equivalent strain conditions, the pile-soil stress ratio approaches the pile-soil modulus ratio up to a limited value of pile stiffness (Rm ＜ 10); in the subsequent stages of high pile stiffness (Rm ＞ 10), a further increase in the pile-soil modulus ratio cannot lead to a significant increase of stress transferred to the colums in composite foundations. The major influencing factor of the stress concentration from soil to pile in a high pile-soil modulus ratio is the padding stiffness. For the composite foundation improved by cement mixing columns, the effective column length is about 15 to 20 m and it is a more economical and effective design when the column length is less than 15 m.%基于土中群桩分析变分原理,结合桩间土荷载传递法,建立了实用群桩沉降计算方法,并应用于对称桩承路堤结构分析.采用该计算方法,分析了刚性、半刚性竖向加固体复合地基的工作机理.在等应变条件下,桩土模量比相对较低时(Rm＜10),桩土应力比与桩土模量比相近;在桩土模量比较高时(Rm＞10),桩身模量提高对复合地基应力集中的影响减弱.垫层刚度直接影响桩土模量增加对应力集中的作用效果.水泥搅拌桩有效桩长为15～20m,采用小于15 m桩长的经济效益和加固效率更加.
  • 摘要：With the aim of extracting the features of face images in face recognition, a new method of face recognition by fusing global features and local features is presented. The global features are extracted using principal component analysis (PCA). Active appearance model (AAM) locates 58 facial fiducial points, from which 17 points are characterized as local features using the Gabor wavelet transform (GWT). Normalized global match degree (local match degree) can be obtained by global features (local features) of the probe image and each gallery image. After the fusion of normalized global match degree and normalized local match degree,the recognition result is the class that included the gallery image corresponding to the largest fused match degree. The method is evaluated by the recognition rates over two face image databases (AR and SJTU-IPPR).The experimental results show that the method outperforms PCA and elastic bunch graph matching (EBGM).Moreover, it is effective and robust to expression, illumination and pose variation in some degree.%针对人脸识别中人脸图像的特征提取问题,提出了一种将全局特征与局部特征相融合的人脸识别方法.全局特征的提取采用主成分分析算法.主动外观模型定位58个特征点,在其中17个特征点处进行Gabor小波变换则可提取局部特征.归一化的全局匹配度(局部匹配度)可由测试图像和训练图像的全局特征(局部特征)得到.对归一化的全局匹配度和局部匹配度进行融合后,融合匹配度最大的训练图像所属的类即为识别结果.实验利用2个人脸图像数据库(AR和SJTU-IP-PR)测试该方法的识别率,结果表明该方法要优于PCA和EBGM,并且在一定的表情、光照和姿态变化的条件下是有效、稳健的.
  • 摘要：A novel method is produced to evaluate the energy of the Catmull-Clark subdivision surface including extraordinary points in the control mesh. A closed-form analytic formula for thin plate energy of the CatmullClark subdivision surface of arbitrary topology is derived through translating the Catmull-Clark subdivision surface into bi-cubic B-spline surface pieces. Using this method, both the membrane energy and the thin plate energy can be evaluated without requiring recursive subdivision. Therefore, it is more efficient and more accurate than the existing methods for calculating the energy of the Catmull-Clark subdivision surface with arbitrary topology. The example of surface fairing demonstrates that this method is efficient and successful for evaluating the energy of subdivision surfaces.%提出了一种新的精确计算包含奇异顶点的Catmull-Clark细分曲面能量的方法.通过把Catmull-Clark细分曲面片转化成双3次B样条曲面片,导出了任意拓扑结构的细分曲面完整的能量计算公式.该方法不需要对细分曲面进行递归细分,就能计算出细分曲面的膜能量和薄板能量,与现有方法相比,该方法能快速准确地计算出细分曲面的能量.曲面光顺实例表明,用该方法计算细分曲面能量高效可行.

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