鹅观草属、披碱草属、猬草属和仲彬草属植物的RAPD分析及其系统学意义

摘要

Fifteen species of Roegneria, Elymus, Hystrix and Kengyilia (Poaceae: Triticeae) were analyzed by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. 34 decamer oligonucleotides random primers from Opron Technologies were used for polymorphic selection. 27 (79.4%) produced polymorphic products. A total of 213 bands amplified from 16 primers were selected for RAPD analysis. The data were used to generate Nei's similarity coefficients and to construct a dendrogram by using UPGMA in NTSYS programs. It is concluded as follows: ①The species of Roegneria, Elymus, Hystrix and Kengyilia are clustered in four groups, which represent Roegneria, Elymus, Hystrix and Kengyilia respectively on 0.6 of genetic similarity coefficients; ②The relationships between the species of Hystrix and the species of Roegneria and Kengyilia are remote; ③Genetic diversity exists between Elymus and Hystrx although they possess similar StH genome; ④The species of StY and StYH genomes in Roegneria are clustered together, which suggests they have closer relationships; ⑤There is certain RAPD genetic diversity in the species of StY genomes of Roegneria; ⑥Kengyilia is related to Roegneria; ⑦RAPD results are basically comparable with those obtained from studies on morphology and cytology. The present study discusss the usefulness of RAPD markers in the systematic studies of Triticeae.%利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术分析了鹅观草属(7种)、披碱草属(3种)、猬草属(2种)和仲彬草属(3种)4个属的15种植物。对34个OPRON公司十聚体随机引物进行多态性筛选，27个(79.4%)能产生多态性。16个引物产生的213个DNA片断，用于计算种间Nei氏遗传相似性系数分析，在NTSYS程序中利用UPGMA构建系统发育树状图。分析结果表明：①这4个属的物种各自聚类在一起，在相似系数0.6水平上，明显分为4组，分别代表了Hystrix、Elymus、Roegneria和Kengyilia 4个属；②Hystrix的2个物种与Roegneria和Kengyilia物种的亲缘关系较远，与同具StH基因组的Elymus也有较大的RAPD变异；③Roegneria与Elymus亲缘关系较近；④Roegneria中StY和StYH基因组组合的物种亲缘关系很近，StY基因组的物种间存在着RAPD遗传变异；⑤Kengyilia与Roegneria亲缘关系较近；⑥RAPD结果与形态学和细胞学等分析结果一致，支持将它们独立作为属分类等级来处理。本文还对RAPD分析方法在小麦族系统学研究中的应用进行了讨论。