通过对北京市、无锡市两所学校超常儿童教育实验班的181名12~13岁超常儿童进行实用发散性思维测验,调查其创造力水平,了解超常儿童创造力的发展现状,以探索创造力提高的有效途径.结果显示:随着年龄的增长,流动超常儿童的创造力表现出增强趋势;城市超常儿童创造力随年龄的增长而增长,且13岁组在创造力总分(t=-2.03,P<0.05)、流畅性(t=-2.06,P<0.05)和变通性(t=-1.92,P=0.05)上的得分显著高于12岁组.比较发现,由于不利教育环境的影响,流动超常儿童创造力及各维度得分刚开始低于同龄城市超常儿童,但他们所拥有的独特流动经历有利于创造力发展,因此一年后他们开始反超,在创造力及各维度的得分均高于同龄城市超常儿童.可见,良好的教育环境和多元文化经历均有助于创造力的发展,但多元文化的优势需要较长时间才能显现.%Using the practical divergent thinking test to investigate the level of creativity and the developmental status of 181 gifted children aged 12~13 years in the experimental class of two schools for gifted children in Beijing and Wuxi, this article tries to explore some effective ways and methods to improve creativity.Results show that: migrant gifted children's creativity and fluency, flexibility and originality appear to increase with age, but the difference is not significant;with the growth of the age, the development of urban gifted children's creativity still shows an increasing trend, and 13-year-old group scores significantly higher than 12-year-old group in creativity(t=-2.025,P<0.05)fluency(t=.-2.064,P<0.05)and flexibility(t=-1.917,P=0.05);compared with urban gifted children, migrant gifted children score lower in creativity and its three dimensions because of educational environment;however, migrant gifted children have migrant experiences, which are good for creativity;therefore after a year, migrant gifted children show the catch-up trend and they score higher than urban gifted children of the same age in creativity and the three dimensions.This study concludes that a good educational environment and multicultural experiences both contribute to the development of creativity, but it takes a long time to show the advantage of multicultural experiences.
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