从“克己复礼”到“义以为质”--孔子“礼之本”思想的渊源及其他

摘要

Confucius believed that the ritual was not only external and formal “ceremony”, but also had the true sensibility - “re-spect”.“Ritual “should be “considering righteousness to be essential” or “considering benevolence to be essential”, and the prede-cessors of Confucius already had these ideas to a certain extent .This paper reviews the ideological origins of these ideas of Confucius , and analyses how Confucius theoretically enhanced his predecessors ’ ideas.Confucius’ contribution lies in taking the “justice“ as the means to achieve “way” and at the same time “benevolence” itself is the aim, while his predecessors’ “justice “or“benevolence “is a means to achieve certain benefits .%孔子认为，礼不能仅仅是表面的形式化的“仪”，行礼时要有真情实感---“敬”，“礼”应该“义以为质”或者说“仁以为质”。这些思想在他的前贤那里也都一定程度上具有了，孔子的贡献在于把“义”看做是达“道”的手段，“仁”本身就是目的，而在其前人那里，“义”和“仁”却只是实现某种利益的手段。