Poor executive function has been linked to increased antisocial and aggressive behavior in clinical and nonclinical populations, but no research has examined antisocial behavior in sport from a neuropsychological perspective. The present study was designed to fill this gap in the literature by investigating how cognitive function, especially executive function, relates to antisocial and aggressive behavior in athletes. 104 participants were selected from football and basketball teams. Cognitive function was assessed in young adult male and female athletes using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery ( CANTAB) . Antisocial behavior in sport and aggression were assessed via self-report instruments and were found to be positively correlated. The results show that 1 ) the executive function scoring of male athletes is negatively correlated with antisocial behavior and aggressive behavior;2) the athletes with high antisocial and aggressive behavior might not have low cognitive ability; and 3 ) gender may moderate the relationship between executive function and antisocial behavior in athletes.%在临床人群和非临床人群中，执行功能低经常会导致反社会行为和攻击行为，但没有研究从神经心理学的角度考查运动情境中的反社会行为。选取104名足球、排球项目运动员，检验运动员的认知功能，尤其是执行功能与反社会行为、攻击行为的关系。认知功能使用CANTAB测量，运动情境中的反社会行为和攻击行为使用自我报告测量。研究结果显示：1)男运动员执行功能分数与反社会行为和攻击行为呈负相关；2)反社会行为和攻击行为高的个体，认知能力不一定低；3)在运动员群体中，性别能调节执行功能和反社会行为的关系。
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