基于多商品流理论与成本效益分析的公路危险品运输路径优化研究

摘要

Risk is the basic element that distinguishes the hazardous materials transportation from general cargo transportation,therefore,economic goals as well as safety needs have to be satisfied in hazardous materials transportation.Thus its route optimization problem needs to get a good balance between economy and safety.In this paper,a weight parameter was introduced between the transportation cost and the risk value.Considering the capacity of the road network and the maximum expected risk limits,a route optimization model to minimize the total cost was established based on the multicommodity flow theory.Furthermore,through the use of cost-effective analysis in the comparison between the route optimization under different weights,some selection criteria were concluded from the global perspective.Finally a case analysis was given to verify the feasibility of the method.%风险是危险品运输区别与普通货物运输的基本要素,因此,危险品运输既要实现经济目标,又要满足安全的需要.危险品运输其路径优化问题的关键在于在经济性与安全性间取得平衡.为此,在运输成本与风险值间引入权重参量,并充分考虑到路网容量及个别路段最大期望风险等限制因素,运用多商品流理论建立了基于运输成本和运输风险最小化的双目标路径优化模型.进一步地,运用成本效益分析法,并从全局角度对不同解所对应的路径优化方案进行比较,提出了相应的比选准则.最后,通过算例分析证明了该方法的有效性.