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中国安全生产科学技术

中国安全生产科学技术

北大核心

CSCD

CSTPCD

Journal of Safety Science and Technology
《中国安全生产科学技术》是由国家安全生产监督管理总局主管、中国安全生产科学研究院主办的科技期刊，定位于“国家级安全生产科学研究领域的权威性期刊”。编委会由中国工程院院士（9名）和正高级职称专家、学者、学科带头人及各个行业安全生产领域有较大影响的安全管理专家组成。办刊宗旨： 本刊为加强安全生产的基础研究，围绕安全领域重大课题，特别是安全工程理论、事故预防和应急救援、重大危险源辨识、评价等方面的技术，侧重于安全科学技术和理论研究探讨。着重以科技创新为先导,加大安全科技的推广力度，注重实用性和导向性，面向科研，面向企业，及时推广国内、国外的最新成果交流，为加快我国的安全生产技术支撑体系建设切实起到窗口作用。读者对象：国内、外安全生产领域的广大专家、学者、科研工作者，大专院校安全工程专业及相关专业的师生，国家安全生产监督、煤矿安全监察人员，企业负责安全生产的高级管理人员和技术人员，以及注册安全工程师和安全评价师、职业健康安全管理体系审核员、咨询师。
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  • 发文量：6835
  • 被引量：4626
  • H指数：3
  • 开始收录时间：1989(1)
  • CNKI综合因子：1.122
  • 维普期刊影响因子： 1.6
  • 万方期刊影响因子：1.34
  • 创刊时间：1981
  • 国内刊号/CN：11-5335/TB
    国际刊号/ISSN：1673-193X
  • 发行周期：月刊
    邮发代号：82-379
  • 主管单位：国家安全生产监督管理总局
    主办单位：中国安全生产科学研究院
中国安全生产科学技术-联系信息
  • 主编：张兴凯
  • 电话：010-64941346
  • 邮箱：aqscjs@vip.163.com
  • 地址：北京市朝阳区惠新西街17号
  • 邮编：100029
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  • 摘要：2016年5月,中国安全生产科学研究院按照年度质量控制计划,参加了由山东出入境检验检疫局检验检疫技术中心组织的PT-oil-2016-08＂变压器油检测＂中密度（20℃）、运动黏度（40℃）、闭口闪点三个项目的能力验证,结果满意.
  • 摘要：日前,国务院安委会办公室下发了《金属非金属地下矿山采空区事故隐患治理工作方案》（以下简称《方案》）.《方案》指出,我国金属非金属地下矿山采空区总量大,分布范围广. 据初步统计,到2015 年底,全国金属非金属地下矿山共有采空区12 .8亿m3 ,分布于全国28个省（市、区）.
  • 摘要：为完善事故致因理论体系,论述并解析能量流系统定义,分析系统能量流流向,构建基于能量流系统的事故致因概念模型,并从能量串发、发散、集中和混合四方面解析其内涵.对能量流的聚集、耦合、转换、释放,以及意外释放能量的防控效果、破坏强度和伤害程度等进行数学描述.基于此,构建基于能量流系统的事故预防概念模型,并提炼减灾措施.研究结果明晰了事故发生的物理本质,从能量流系统的视角为事故致因的定量分析或半定量半定性分析提供理论参考,并可为事故预防与控制提供理论指导.%To improve the accident causing theory system , the definition of energy flow system was illustrated and analyzed , and the flow direction of systemic energy flow was analyzed .A conceptual model of accident causing based on energy flow system was constructed , and its connotation was analyzed from four aspects including energy string , energy radiation , energy gathering and energy mixing .The mathematical descriptions on gathering , coupling , transformation and release of energy flow, and the prevention and control effect , damage strength and injury degree of unexpected releasing energy were carried out.On this basis, a conceptual model of accident prevention based on energy flow system was constructed , and the disaster reduction measures were extracted .The results clarify the physical nature of accidents occurrence , it can provide theoretical reference for quantitative analysis or semi-quantitative analysis on accident causing from the perspective of energy flow sys -tem, and provide theoretical guidance for accident prevention and control .
  • 摘要：近日,国务院安全生产委员会为深刻吸取天津港＂8 · 12＂瑞海公司危险品仓库特别重大火灾爆炸等事故的教训,落实有关事故防范措施,有效防范和遏制危险化学品重特大事故,国务院安委会组织研究编制了《涉及危险化学品安全风险的行业品种目录》（安委〔2016〕7号） ,用于指导各地区和各有关行业全面摸排涉及危险化学品的安全风险.
  • 摘要：In order to reduce the occurrence of safety accidents in reinforcement construction process of post -fire building structure and ensure the safety of working process , aiming at the characteristics of the reinforcement construction projects of post-fire buildings in China , a risk assessment model on reinforcement construction process of post -fire building based on the entropy weight-uncertainty measurement theory by multiple-factor coupling was established , then the model was applied in five engineering cases , and the good results were obtained .It showed that the model is an organic combination of the entropy weight theory and the uncertainty measurement theory , and it provides a new idea for the quantitative study on the safety risk in the construction process of post-fire building and the effective control of safety risk , so as to ensure the construction safety .%为降低火灾后建筑结构加固施工过程中事故的发生率,保障加固施工作业过程的安全,针对我国建筑火灾后加固施工项目的特点,构建了多因素耦合作用下的基于熵权-未确知测度理论的建筑火灾后加固施工过程风险性评估模型,并将模型应用于五个工程实例中,取得了良好的效果.研究结果表明,该模型是熵权理论、未确知测度理论的的有机结合,为定量研究建筑火灾后加固施工过程安全风险,并有效的控制安全风险,确保施工安全提供了新的思路.
  • 摘要：恐怖袭击事件发生在人员密集、环境复杂的公共场所时,极易造成大量的人员伤亡.为了研究行人行为特征对应急引导过程的影响,采集疏散行人行为特征数据以SPSS统计软件分析,并将分析结果导入基于社会力原理建立的疏散模型进行仿真实验.研究结果表明:行人的性别、受教育程度及疏散经验个体特征的差异对引导疏散的结果具有直接的影响,关系到引导疏散过程的成功与否.应急管理方案制定中,应针对性的为各类行人指定安全预案以及提供培训演练.%Terrorist attack event happened in crowded , complex public places always result in numerous casualties .In order to study the impact of pedestrian behavior characteristics on the emergency guidance process , the data of behavior characteris-tics of evacuation pedestrian was collected and analyzed by SPSS statistical software , and the results were input into a evacua-tion model based on social force to conduct simulation experiment .The results showed that the difference in individual char-acteristics such as gender , education level and evacuation experience of pedestrian have a direct effect on the results of guided evacuation , even relating to the success of guided evacuation process or not .Therefore , in the formation of emergency management scheme , the safety plan should be targeted and the training and exercise should be provided to various pedestrian accordingly .
  • 摘要：The identification of water inrush source in mine is an important link in formulation of water prevention and control measures .Through the correlation analysis of hydrochemical characteristics of the aquifer in a mine , the PCA algorithm , k-fold cross validation algorithm were embedded into the GA-BP neural network .A new GA-BP neural network was proposed and applied to an example analysis , then compared with the traditional methods .The results showed that for the aquifers with similar hydrochemical characteristics , the PCA algorithm can eliminate the redundant information from the samples , reduce the dimension of sample index , and simplify the structure of BP neural network .The k-fold cross validation algorithm can im-prove the optimization quality of GA algorithm for weights of BP neural network , and make the evolution direction of GA algo-rithm more reasonable .The introduction of both the algorithms greatly optimize the performance of traditional GA -BP neural network .The method has higher identification accuracy , stronger applicability and more reliable results , and it has a good application prospect for water inrush source identification in mine .%矿井突水水源的判别是制定防治水措施的重要环节.通过对某矿含水层水化学特性的相关性分析,将PCA算法、K折交叉验证算法嵌入GA-BP神经网络,提出了一种新的GA-BP神经网络,将其应用于实例分析中,并与传统的方法进行比较.结果表明:针对水化学特性相近的含水层,PCA算法能够排除样本中的冗余信息,降低样本指标维度,简化BP神经网络结构;K折交叉验证算法能够提高GA算法对BP神经网络权值的寻优质量,使GA算法的进化方向更具合理性;二者的引入大大优化了传统GA-BP神经网络性能,其判别精度更高、适用性更强、结果更可靠,在矿井突水水源判别方面具有很好的应用前景.
  • 摘要：封头参数检测是确保封头质量,消除压力容器安全隐患的重要措施.传统接触式的封头检测方法存在着诸多问题,为此,提出一种利用激光非接触式扫描进行封头参数检测的方法.该方法利用支撑杆将激光扫描检测装置定位于封头端面,通过距离检测与电机的旋转扫描,完成封头形状参数的检测.介绍该方法原理、操作过程,分析该方法的误差.最后,对该方法进行实际测试验证.结果表明,该方法可以进行封头形状参数的准确测量,误差同理论分析相符.%The detection of head parameters is an important way to ensure the quality of head and eliminate the potential safe -ty hazard of pressure vessel .To solve the existing problems of traditional contact detection method of pressure vessel head , a method of head parameters detection using non-contact laser scanning was proposed , in which the laser scanning detection de-vice is located at the end surface of head with supporting poles , and the detection of head shape parameters can be realized through the distance measurement and rotating scanning of electric motor .The principle and operation steps of this method were introduced , then the error of this method was analyzed , and the actual testing validation was carried out .The results showed that the method can be used to detect the head shape parameters accurately , and the error is in accord with the theo-retical analysis .
  • 摘要：The characteristics of release and deflagration for gasoline vapor in semi -confined space with end opening were studied through experiment , and the change laws of deflagration overpressure inside and outside the confined space were ob -tained .The results showed that the change of internal overpressure against time can be divided into the ignition inoculation period, the accelerating release period , the external deflagration period , the wave oscillation period and the weak recovery period.The phenomenon of multi-peak overpressure occurred in the deflagration process , accompanied by strong pressure os-cillation.With the increase of initial gasoline-air mixture concentration , the deflagration overpressure outside the confined space increased first and then decreased , with the maximum value at the concentration of 1.70%.With the increase of pro-portional distance , the deflagration overpressure outside the confined space presented the attenuation with a negative exponen -tial law, and the transverse attenuation rate was larger than the axial attenuation rate .%基于实验研究了端部开口半受限空间内汽油蒸气泄放爆燃特性,获得了受限空间内外爆燃超压的变化规律.研究结果表明:受限空间内部超压随时间变化分为点火孕育期、加速泄流期、外部爆燃期、波动振荡期、衰弱恢复期,爆燃过程中出现多超压峰值现象且伴随有强烈的压力振荡;随着初始油气浓度的增大,受限空间外部爆燃超压先增大后减小,外部爆燃超压最大浓度为1.70%;随着比例距离的增加,受限空间外部超压值呈负指数规律衰减,且横向衰减速率要大于轴向衰减速率.
  • 摘要：Aiming at the gas diffusion in confined space , to study the impact of different turbulence model on the simulation results of gas diffusion , the widely used turbulence models in engineering application from FLUENT software were chosen as the research objects .A numerical simulation model was constructed by referring to the related gas diffusion experiments , and the numerical simulation was conducted on the experiment process by using different turbulence models under the same initial and boundary conditions .In the aspect of quantitative analysis on simulation results , the error analysis method being pro-posed by Hanna et al and widely used in evaluation of heavy gas diffusion model was adopted , combined with the judgment standard of statistical error about simulation effect proposed by Chang et al ., the simulation effect of each model was com-pared and analyzed by calculating the statis-tical error between the calculation simulation values and experimental values . The results showed that all the in-dexes of statistical error for the simulation results of 5 Reynolds average turbulence models were in accord with the judgment standard of effectiveness , the simulation values were higher that the experimental values as a whole, and the simulation effect of Realizable k-εmodel was better than others .The selection of turbulence model will in-flu-ence the simulation results of gas diffusion in confined space , and choosing the appropriate model helps to improve the simulation precision .%针对受限空间内气体扩散问题,为研究不同湍流模型对气体扩散仿真结果的影响,选取FLUENT软件中工程应用较为广泛的湍流模型为研究对象,以相关气体扩散实验为参考,构建数值仿真模型,在初始和边界条件相同的情况下采用不同的湍流模型对实验过程进行数值模拟.在对模拟结果定量化分析方面,采用了Hanna等人提出的广泛应用于重气扩散模型评价的误差分析方法,并结合了chang等人提出的有关模拟效果的统计误差评判标准,通过计算模拟值与实验值之间的统计误差对比分析了各模型模拟效果.结果表明,所选的5种Reynolds平均湍流模型模拟结果的统计误差指标均符合有效性评判标准,模拟值总体上要高于实验值,并且Realizable k-ε模型的模拟效果要优于其他模型.湍流模型的选用会对受限空间内气体扩散仿真结果产生影响,选择合适的湍流模型有助于提高数值仿真的精度.
  • 摘要：In order to study the suppression effect of heptafluoropropane on gasoline -air mixture explosion , an active suppres-sion equipment of gasoline-air mixture explosion was developed .The experimental system for suppression of gasoline-air mix-ture explosion in narrow and long confined space was established , and the experiments on suppression of gasoline-air mixture explosion were carried out .Compared with the results under the condition of without explosion suppression medium , the change of characteristic parameters such as the explosion overpressure , the flame propagation velocity and the flame strength were analyzed .It showed that when adopting heptafluoropropane with the weight of 3 kg, 4 kg and 5 kg respectively as the explosion suppression medium , the maximum overpressure decreased by 34.05%, 50.78%and 55.87%respectively, and the average flame propagation velocity decreased by 72.15%, 79.87%and 89.23%respectively.Meanwhile, the duration time of flame shortened obviously , and the flame strength weakened .The more the weight of heptafluoropropane , the better the explosion suppression effect .%为研究七氟丙烷对油气爆炸的抑制作用,研制了主动式油气爆炸抑制装置,搭建了狭长受限空间油气爆炸抑制实验系统,进行了油气爆炸抑制实验,并与无抑爆介质条件进行了对比,分析了爆炸超压值、火焰传播速度和火焰强度等特性参数变化情况.实验结果表明:当以3、4和5 kg七氟丙烷作为抑爆介质时,最大超压值分别下降34.05%、50.78%和55.87%,平均火焰传播速度分别下降72.15%、79.87%和89.23%,火焰持续时间明显缩短,火焰强度减弱;随着七氟丙烷质量的增加,抑爆效果越显著.
  • 摘要：采用自制的煤大样量吸附实验装置测定了常温常压条件下煤对每种烟道气体成分的饱和吸附量,并根据电厂烟气流量与工作面配风量的计算对井下注入烟气的安全性进行了分析.实验数据结果显示,煤是一种多孔性物质,将电厂烟气注入井下采空区,每吨煤可封存烟气中CO2约1.2 m3,N2约0.26 m3,其中烟气中SO2和NO2可全部被煤样封存,揭示了利用烟气替代传统N2及CO2预防煤炭自燃的可行性;根据对电厂烟气流量及回采工作面配风量的计算发现,在假定注入采空区的烟气与煤、岩没有任何吸附的情况下,按照规定流量注入烟气未造成工作面回风巷中CO2、SO2气体浓度超标,NO2则超出规定允许最高浓度,因此应对注入井下的烟气进行进一步脱硝处理.%By using the self -made absorption experimental device of coal with large sample quantity , the saturated adsorp-tion quantities of coal on each kind of smoke component under normal temperature and pressure conditions were measured , and the safety of injecting smoke into underground goaf was analyzed by calculating the flow of power plant smoke and the air volume of working face .The experiment results showed that coal is a porous substance , when injecting the power plant smoke into underground goaf , about 1.2 m3 CO2 and 0.26 m3 N2 could be sealed in per ton of coal , and all the SO2 and NO2 in the smoke could be sealed in coal sample , which revealed the feasibility of using smoke instead of traditional N2 and CO2 for pre-venting spontaneous combustion of coal .According to calculation on the flow of power plant smoke and the air volume of working face , when assuming that no smoke injected into goaf could be absorbed by coal or rock , the concentration of CO 2 and SO2 in the air return way of working face would not exceed the standard when injecting smoke at the regulated flow , while the concentration of NO 2 would exceed the maximum concentration that can be allowed , so the smoke injected into under-ground goaf should be denitrated further .
  • 摘要：Aiming at the evolution regulations of permeability for coal containing gas under unloading confining pressure with constant axial pressure , taking the raw coal samples 二1 coal in Xindeng Coal Industry as the research object , the test experi-ments on seepage during unloading different confining pressure with constant axial pressure were carried out by using the self -developed experimental apparatus on three axis stress creep seepage for coal containing gas .The results showed that the per-meability of tectonic coal in the stress loading stage decreases , and when loading the axial pressure and confining pressure simultaneously , the change of permeability accords with linear change against axial strain .In the stage of loading axial pres-sure , the permeability accords with the change law of negative exponential function against axial strain .In the stage of unloa-ding confining pressure , the permeability always decreases in the process of unloading confining pressure .With the increase of axial strain , the permeability rebounds , but without mutation phenomenon , and the permeability in the increasing period accords with the degraded negative exponential function against time .After the instability of tectonic coal under unloading confining pressure , the reasons of without mutation for permeability is that larger effective seepage channels have not been formed in the coal samples , and the self-healing phenomenon has appeared in effective channels of gas seepage under the effect of certain effective stress .%针对含瓦斯煤轴压恒定卸围压渗透性演化规律,以新登煤业二1煤原煤样为研究对象,利用自主研发的含瓦斯煤岩三轴应力蠕变渗流试验装置,开展不同围压下轴向应力恒定卸围压渗流测试试验.基于实验结果表明:构造煤在应力加载阶段渗透率降低,且轴压围压同时加载,渗透率变化与轴向应变符合线性变化,轴压加载阶段,渗透率与轴向应变符合负指数函数变化规律;围压卸载阶段,渗透率在卸围压过程中一直减小,随着轴向应变的增加,渗透率出现反弹,但未出现突变现象,渗透率增加阶段与时间变化符合退化的负指数函数关系;构造煤渗透率卸围压失稳后,渗透率没有出现突变原因认为煤样中没有形成较大的有效渗流通道,且在一定的有效应力作用下瓦斯渗流的有效通道出现自愈合现象.
  • 摘要：Aiming at the problem of personnel evacuation from exits of university teaching building , based on the field obser-vation data , the Pathfinder 2015 software platform was used to set the building and personnel motion parameters , and the per-sonnel evacuation simulation of a university teaching building was carried out .The change of evacuation time , cumulative number of evacuation and average personnel flow in each stair exit under different scenarios were simulated through designing and adjusting the classroom arrangement , and the Origin9.1 data graph visualization was applied to compare and analysis the evacuation situation before and after adjustment of classroom arrangement .The results showed that when fully using the class-rooms on lower floor to arrange course and properly arranging the classes with larger personnel number in the classrooms near to the stair exit, the evacuation time shortened from 609.3 s to 591.6 s, the number of personnel to be evacuated on the 5th floor reduced from 410 to 187 , the crowd in stair exits on partial floors distributed uniformly , and the average personnel flow in stair exits on the 4th and 5th floor decreased , being less than 1 people per second .Therefore, the university should ar-range the courses on each class reasonably , control the number of students properly , adjust the crowd distribution in teaching building , increase the utilization rate of classrooms on lower floor and utilize each stair exit fully , so as to shorten the person-nel evacuation time on higher floors and improve the evacuation efficiency .%针对高校教学楼出口人员疏散问题,基于现场观测数据,运用Pathfinder2015软件平台设置建筑物和人员运动参数,对某高校教学楼进行人员疏散模拟仿真.通过设计调整教室排课疏散场景,仿真不同场景下各楼梯出口的疏散时间、累计疏散人数和平均人流量变化情况,利用Origin9.1数据图形可视化对比分析教室排课调整使用前后教学楼的人员疏散情况.结果表明:充分利用低楼层教室排课,适当将人数较多班级分散安排至靠近楼梯出口教室,疏散时间从609.3 s缩短至591.6 s;5楼可疏散人数由410人减至187人,且部分楼层楼梯出口人群分布均匀;4、5楼楼梯出口平均人流量降低且小于1人/s.因此高校应该对各班级合理安排课程,适当控制学生人数,调整教学楼的人群分布,提高低楼层教室使用率,且充分利用各楼梯出口,缩短较高楼层人员疏散时间,提高疏散效率.
  • 摘要：针对贵州开阳磷矿东翼矿区井下微震监测系统台网布置方案的优选问题,基于国内外学者在台网优化布置时所选参数指标,对微震监测台网在建设、运行和维护阶段的需求进行分析,确定多个台网布置方案的静态、动态和定量、非定量指标构建综合评价指标体系.通过熵权法给出各评价指标的客观权重向量,基于模糊数学原理建立模糊综合评判模型,对初选出的五个台网布置方案进行分析,求解出各方案的综合优越度,最终确定并推荐方案二(综合优越度为0.796)为最优方案.模糊综合评价模型能够较准确地确定适用于矿山需求的微震监测台网方案,对矿山微震监测系统的建设具有指导意义.%In the process of ascertaining the optimal layout scheme for the underground micro -seismic monitoring system net-work in the east flank mining area of Kaiyang Phosphorite Mine in Guizhou , based on the parameters indexes chosen by do-mestic and foreign scholars during the optimizing of network layouts , the requirements in the construction , operation and ma-intenance stage of the micro-seismic monitoring network were analyzed , and a comprehensive evaluation index system was es-tablished by determining the static and dynamic , quantitative and non-quantitative indexes of multiple network layout schemes .The objective weight vectors of each evaluation index were determined by entropy weight method , and a fuzzy com-prehensive evaluation model was built based on the fuzzy mathematics principle .After the analysis on five primary network layout schemes , the comprehensive superiority degrees of each scheme were obtained , and the scheme Ⅱ with the compre-hensive superiority degree of 0.796 was determined and recommended to be the optimal scheme .The fuzzy comprehensive e-valuation model can determine the micro-seismic monitoring network scheme meeting the requirements of mine more accurate -ly, and it is an important guidance for the construction of the micro-seismic monitoring system in mine .
  • 摘要：近期,中国安全生产科学研究院公共安全研究所制定并发布了标准《公众避难室毒气防护性能检测方法》（Q/CYAKY 0003-2016 ）. 此标准规范了检测材料、流程、设备、数据处理等内容,形成一套避难室检测技术方法,填补了我国避难室毒气防护性能检测技术空白. 该标准适用于受到有毒气体泄漏事故影响的企业、学校、幼儿园、医院、养老院、居民房屋等建筑的避难室避难效果评估.
  • 摘要：在临界起爆能和高起爆能条件下,对装填碳纤维含量分别为6.5%、8.0%、9.5%和11.0%球形非金属阻隔防爆材料的油箱进行等效静爆试验,探究球形非金属阻隔防爆材料中碳纤维含量对其防爆性能的影响.利用红外热成像仪、高速摄像机分别记录油箱爆炸火球的温度场参数及爆炸过程,并与未填装阻隔防爆材料的油箱进行对比.试验结果表明:在临界起爆能条件下,装填4种材料的油箱均有一定阻燃防爆效果,油箱爆炸产生的燃料云团面积有依次减小的趋势;在高起爆能量条件下,4种材料的外场防爆性能分数分别为16.93、22.04、32.51、94.18,材料的防爆能力随着碳纤维含量的增加而增强.%Under the conditions of critical initiation energy and high initiation energy , the equivalent static explosion tests were carried out on the fuel tank which was filled by spherical non-metallic separation explosion-proof materials with the car-bon fiber content of 6.5%, 8%, 9.5%and 11%respectively, and the effect of carbon fiber content on explosion-proof per-formance of spherical non-metallic separation explosion-proof material was studied .The temperature field parameters and ex-plosion process of the explosive ball in the tank were recorded by the infrared thermal imaging system and high speed camera separately , and compared with those of the tank without filling separation explosion -proof material .The results showed that under the condition of critical initiation energy , all the tanks filled by four kinds of materials had a certain flame retardant and explosion-proof effect , and the area of fuel cloud produced by explosion of tank presented the trend of decrease in turn . Under the condition of high initiation energy , the scores of explosion-proof performance in external field for four kinds of ma-terials were 16.93, 22.04, 32.51 and 94.18 respectively, and the explosion-proof performance of the materials enhanced with the increase of carbon fiber content .
  • 摘要：The classical fluid dynamics theory and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method were combined to study the most representative Yanyingshan tunnel of the Sino-Burma Oil&Gas Pipeline .The leakage of natural gas pipeline in Yany-ingshan tunnel was simulated by using Fluent software , and combined the simulation results by Fluent with the calculation re-sults of leakage source , a calculation model on time to fill the tunnel by leaking natural gas was put forward through theoreti -cal analysis and data fitting .The time model was checked and corrected through the simulation results of gas leakage and dif -fusion in the tunnel under different boundary conditions .The efficiency of single fan ventilation scheme during the accident of gas leakage in Yanyingshan tunnel was studied by using CFD method , and the optimization scheme of tunnel ventilation was obtained , which included the optimal air supply mode , layout horizontal position , layout height and layout spacing .The sug-gestions on fan model selection and tunnel portal design were proposed according to the calculation results of ventilation scheme .%采用经典流体力学理论,以及计算流体力学(CFD)等方法相结合,对中缅油气管线上具有代表性的岩鹰山隧道进行研究.用Fluent软件对岩鹰山隧道天然气管道泄漏进行仿真模拟,利用Fluent模拟结果与泄漏源计算结果相结合,经过理论分析与数据拟合,提出泄漏天然气充满隧道的时间计算模型,通过不同边界条件下隧道内天然气泄漏扩散规律的模拟结果对时间模型进行验算并修正.利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,研究岩鹰山隧道在发生天然气泄漏事故后,单风机通风方案的效率,得出隧道通风优化方案,方案内容包括最佳送风方式、布设水平位置、布设高度、布设间距.根据通风方案计算结果对风机型号选取、以及隧道洞门设计提出了建议.
  • 摘要：为进一步规范安全生产信息化建设,促进跨地区、跨部门的信息共享和业务协同,国家安全监管总局组织编制了《安全生产监督管理信息全国安全生产监管监察机构代码编制规则（修订）》等10项安全生产信息化领域技术规范. 2016年7月1 日,国家安全监管总局办公厅发布印发安全生产信息化领域10项技术规范的通知（安监总厅规划〔2016〕63号）.
  • 摘要：为研究煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故的伤亡规律,以2000-2014年发生的230起重大及以上瓦斯爆炸事故为样本,运用统计学和F-N曲线法对事故特征进行了研究.首先,对事故起数和伤亡情况的时间特征进行了统计;其次,对事故起数和伤亡数量的地域性特征进行了研究;最后,基于F-N曲线法,对事故的死亡人数和受伤人数进行了规律分析.研究结果表明:15年间的瓦斯爆炸事故起数总体上呈逐年下降的趋势,但在2005年出现了峰值,死亡人数与事故起数的变化趋势接近,受伤人数变化趋势不太明显;重特大瓦斯爆炸事故主要发生在中部和西南地区,且尤以山西省最为显著,其事故起数和伤亡人数都是最多的;大多数事故造成了10~30人的死亡,其累计概率曲线在对数坐标中的梯度是-1.642,受伤人数最频繁的区间是1~10人,其累计概率曲线在对数坐标中的梯度是-0.652.%To reveal the regularities of casualties caused by gas explosion accidents in mine , 230 major and extraordinarily se-rious gas explosion accidents happened during 2000-2014 were selected as sample to study the accident characteristics by u -sing the statistics and F-N curve method .Firstly, the statistics on time characteristics of number of accidents and casualties was carried out.Secondly, the region characteristics of number of accidents and casualties were studied .Finally, the regu-larities of death toll and number of injuries in the accidents were analyzed .The results showed that the number of accidents in the fifteen years presented a trend of decrease year by year as a whole , and the peak value appeared in 2005 .The death toll presented a similar change trend with the number of accidents , and the change trend of number of injuries was not obvi-ous .The major and extraordinarily serious gas explosion accidents mainly happened in central and southwest China , especial-ly Shanxi province with the maximum number of accidents and casualties .Most of the accidents had the death toll as 10-30 , and the gradient of cumulative probability curve in logarithmic coordinate was -1.642.Most of the accidents had the num-ber of injuries as 1-10, and its gradient of cumulative probability curve in logarithmic coordinate was -0.652.
  • 摘要：Through analyzing the building situation and the main fire problems of a market plaza , the corresponding strategies of performance-based fire safety design were proposed , and the validation of performance-based design was carried out by the fire and evacuation simulation .The results showed that all the personnel in the building can evacuate safely within 11 minutes in the fire.It was proposed that the atrium can be used as a relatively safe area , and the result can satisfy the safety require-ments of personnel evacuation .%通过分析某交易广场建筑情况及主要消防问题,提出了相应的性能化设计策略.然后,通过火灾模拟和疏散模拟对其进行性能化设计验证,表明在火灾时整个建筑的人员11 min内均能够安全疏散.提出了中庭能作为相对安全区,结果能满足人员安全疏散要求.
  • 摘要：煤矿井下开采引发地表沉陷是一种严重影响生命财产和生产安全的工程形变灾害,其形变信息有效表达和精准制图可大大减少矿区变形控制的成本,为矿山安全生产、保护煤柱留设、塌陷地治理、压煤村庄搬迁、破坏等级判定与损害补偿评估等方面提供更可靠的技术保障.基于矿山地图、实时卫星遥感影像与开采沉陷变形预计结果等数据,采用GIS空间分析和三维可视化技术,对淮北朔里矿区地表移动与变形的下沉(W)、水平移动(U)、水平变形(ε)、倾斜(i)和曲率(K)等形变类型进行了三维的专题信息与应用表达,其专题信息能更加直观有效地表达与准确清晰描述开采沉陷的地理位置、影响范围、受损害地物类型、形变方向与变形量大小等.%Ground-surface subsidence induced by underground mining in coal mine is a serious engineering deformation hazard that impacts on the production , life and property safety , the effective expression and accurate drawing of the deforma-tion information can greatly reduce the cost of mining deformation control , and provide more reliable technical guarantee for safe mining, setting the protective coal pillar , managing subsided land , moving villages in mining area , judging the damage levels, evaluating damage compensation and so on .Based on the data of mine maps , real-time satellite remote sensing ima-ges and predicting results of mining subsidence deformation , the 3D thematic information and their applications were ex-pressed on the mining ground -surface movement and deformation of subsidence (W), horizontal movement(U), horizontal deformation(ε), inclining(i) and curvature(K) in Huaibei Shuoli mine area using the GIS spatial analysis and 3D visual-ization technologies .These thematic information can express more intuitively and effectively , and describe more accurately and clearly the mining subsidence in aspects such as the geographical location , affecting scope , damaged object types , de-formation direction , size of deformation and so on .
  • 摘要：为研究颗粒煤瓦斯解吸规律,基于Fick定律建立了颗粒煤的多扩散系数瓦斯解吸模型,完成了颗粒煤瓦斯解吸模型的数值试验.引入了非负约束最小二乘法反演算法(NNLS),通过试验数据反演得出颗粒煤的扩散参数的B谱,从而确定出颗粒煤瓦斯扩散系数D的准确范围.研究结果表明:颗粒煤瓦斯解吸符合Fick扩散定律,颗粒煤的多扩散系数瓦斯解吸模型能很好地解决单一扩散系数模型的扩散系数随时间衰减的问题,准确反映了颗粒煤瓦斯解吸规律,单一扩散系数瓦斯解吸模型只是多扩散系数瓦斯解吸模型的一个特例;NNLS是一种有效的反演算法,利用NNLS方法可以准确反演出颗粒煤瓦斯解吸过程中的扩散参数的B谱,通过B谱可方便计算出颗粒煤的瓦斯扩散系数.%In order to investigate the laws of gas desorption for coal particles , a multi-diffusion coefficient model of gas de-sorption for coal particles was proposed based on the Fick law .A series of numerical experiments on gas diffusion models for coal particles were carried out .The non-negative constrained least squares method ( NNLS) was introduced , and the B spec-trum of diffusion parameters for coal particles were obtained through the inversion of experimental data , then the accurate range of gas diffusion coefficient D for coal particles was determined .The results showed that the gas desorption of coal parti-cles accords with the Fick diffusion law .The multi-diffusion coefficient model of gas desorption for coal particles can solve the problem that the diffusion coefficient in single-diffusion coefficient model attenuates with time well , and it can accurately reflect the laws of gas desorption for coal particles .The single-diffusion coefficient model of gas desorption is only a special case in the multi-diffusion coefficient model of gas desorption .The NNLS method is an effective inversion algorithm by which the B spectrum of diffusion parameters in the gas desorption process of coal particles can be accurately retrieved , and the gas diffusion coefficient of coal particles can be easily calculated by using the B spectrum.
  • 摘要：为了研究满足交通事故现场记录图的技术性、证据性要求的交通事故现场测绘方法,针对现有现场图定位方法的不足,重点从交通事故证据审查的视角,提出物证定位观点,分析其技术构成并构建内容体系;在此基础上,依据技术标准基本要求,运用平面坐标定位原理,以交通事故现场物证定位思想为基础,研究开发交通事故现场点线系列直角坐标测绘定位方法及其具体应用技术.研究表明:物证定位是能够将现场元素定位和现场道路定位协同考虑的一种交通事故现场物证固定技术,以其基本思想与原理可以开发交通事故现场点线系列直角坐标测绘定位方法;该方法有多种变换方法可适用不同情况的交通事故现场测绘;应用该方法绘制的现场记录图,可以满足现场记录图技术性及证据性的双重要求.%To study the field surveying and mapping method of traffic accidents which can satisfy the technical and evidence requirements of field record drawings , aiming at the deficiencies of existing positioning method of field drawings , the view-point of material evidence positioning was proposed emphatically from the perspective of evidence review in traffic accidents , then its technology composition was analyzed , and the content system was constructed .On this basis , according to the basic requirements of technical standard , based on the idea of field material evidence positioning in traffic accidents , the survey-ing, mapping and positioning method of field in traffic accidents based on point line series rectangular coordinate was studied by using the principle of plane coordinate positioning , and the specific application technology was developed .It showed that the material evidence positioning is a fixing technology of field material evidence in traffic accidents , which can synergistical-ly consider the field element positioning and field road positioning , and the surveying , mapping and positioning method of field in traffic accidents based on point line series rectangular coordinate can be developed according to its basic idea and princi-ple.The method can be applicable to field surveying and mapping of traffic accidents under different conditions by u -sing multiple conversion methods , and the field record drawings drawn by this method can meet the double re-quirements on technology and evidence of field record drawings .
  • 摘要：近些年,随着我国国民经济的快速发展,安全与应急问题也日益凸显,为了应对这些问题,各级政府和企业广泛开展各种类型的突发事件应急演练,取得了一定的效果.但由于应急演练评估缺少操作层面的方法与技术支持,使应急演练的评估与相关标准规范脱节,往往流于形式.针对此类问题,通过对国内外应急演练评估相关标准规范的梳理与分析构建应急演练评估业务主线,以"情景构建"方法指导构建应急演练评估指标体系,以AHP算法和软件开发技术实现"应急演练评估模型库"及相关演练评估系统,最终为应急演练评估工作的实际开展提供一套从理论方法到技术系统的科学、合理且具有操作性的整体解决方案.%In recent years , with the development of economy in China , the problems of safety and emergency become serious gradually .In order to solve these problems , governments at all levels and enterprises have carried out various types of emer -gency exercises and acquired certain effect .However , because the lack of method and technology support in operational level for emergency exercise assessment , the emergency exercise assessment is not in consonance with the related standards and criteria, with a mere formality .Aiming at such problems , the business processes of emergency exercise assessment were es -tablished through the combing and analysis on the related standards and criteria of emergency exercise assessment at home and abroad , then the index system of emergency exercise assessment was built through the guiding of scenario construction method, and the model library and system platform for emergency exercise assessment were implemented by the application of AHP algorithm and software development technology .It provides a set of total solution from theoretical method to technical system being scientific , reasonable and operational for the actual implementation of emergency exercise assessment .
  • 摘要：The secondary gas pipeline leakage event induced by earthquake is one of the main reasons causing the expansion of influence by earthquake disaster .To investigate the development process of secondary gas pipeline leakage event induced by earthquake in building , the node variables and valuing range of Bayesian network for secondary gas pipeline leakage event induced by earthquake in building were determined by referring to the related literatures and statistics documents at home and abroad .The structure diagram of Bayesian network was constructed according to the node variables and their logical connec -tion.The conditional probability of each node variable was determined by statistics on research data at home and abroad com -bined with experts experience estimation , then the posterior probability of key node variables , such as the destroyed build-ing , gas leakage , gas diffusion causing secondary disaster etc ., under different state valuing of building properties and envi-ronmental variables were calculated by using Bayesian network tool .The results of actual example analysis showed that the structure of building and the intensity of earthquake are the main influencing factors causing the damage of building , and the wind speed and atmospheric stability have a significant impact on the gas diffusion causing secondary disaster .%地震次生燃气管道泄漏事件是导致地震灾害影响扩大的主要原因之一,为了解建筑物内地震次生燃气管道泄漏事件的发展过程,参考国内外相关的文献和统计资料,确定建筑物内地震次生燃气管道泄漏事件贝叶斯网络的节点变量和取值范围.根据节点变量及其逻辑关联性构建贝叶斯网络结构图,通过对国内外研究数据的统计并结合专家经验估算确定各节点变量的条件概率.利用贝叶斯网络工具计算建筑物属性和环境变量在不同状态取值下建筑物遭受破坏、燃气泄漏、燃气扩散引发二次灾害等关键节点变量的后验概率.通过实例分析得出,建筑结构和地震烈度是建筑物遭受破坏的主要影响因素,风速、大气稳定度对燃气扩散引发二次灾害有显著影响.
  • 摘要：近日,国家安全监管总局制定了《工贸行业遏制重特大事故工作意见》,明确提出了工贸行业遏制重特大事故的工作目标和三大工作任务.任务之一是要认真开展较大危险因素辨识管控.
  • 摘要：应用安全疏散性能化设计的理论方法,研究了桥梁救援定点疏散站台的尺寸参数,以保证设计更为安全、经济、合理.首先,采用FDS软件模拟火灾警戒线随疏散时间的发展趋势,分析ASET对站台长度的影响;其次,采用EV-ACNET4软件模拟了列车中部和端部火灾情境下,乘客在站台的疏散运动,研究站台宽度对疏散时间的影响.结果表明:从火灾警戒范围考虑,站台长度取值为450 m是经济合理的;有效宽度1.75 m为站台疏散时间特征变化的分界点,有效宽度为1.75 m时的疏散时间均小于有效宽度为1.5 m时的疏散时间,而当有效宽度大于1.75 m后,疏散时间的变化不大.研究成果可为救援定点疏散站台的尺寸设计提供参考和依据.%The dimensional parameters of evacuation platform on rescue site of bridge were studied by using the theory and method of performance-based design on safety evacuation to ensure the safe , economic and reasonable design .Firstly, the FDS software was applied to simulate the growing trend of fire warning line with evacuation time , and the influence of ASET on platform length was analyzed .Secondly , the EVACNET4 software was applied to simulate the evacuation movement of pas-sengers on the platform when fire occurred in the middle or end of the train separately , and the effect of platform width on e-vacuation time was researched .The results showed that considering the fire warning range , the platform with length of 450 m is economic and reasonable .The effective width of 1.75 m is the demarcation point of characteristic change for evacuation time on platform.When the effective width is 1.75 m, the evacuation time is smaller than that when the effective width is 1. 5 m, while when the effective width is larger than 1.75 m, the evacuation time have little change .The results can provide some reference and basis for dimensional design of evacuation platform on rescue site .
  • 摘要：Industry cluster district ( ICD) is an important carrier of regional economic development under the new normal state , and its emergency plans have become a centralized embodiment as preparedness degree and disposal capability of emer -gency management responsibility subject .Through participating in plan review and many first-line investigations , the typical problems of environmental emergency plans in county-level ICD were found , such as unclear accident level , confused organi-zation setting and general disposal procedure .Aiming at the above problems , some reference suggestions to the compilation of environmental emergency plans in country-level ICD were proposed , such as a division method of accident level and response level based on responsibility subject , a mode of emergency organization setting and responsibility division matching with the orientation of performance evaluation , and an approach to design disposal procedure and depict performing responsibility based on simulation exercise .This study is a realistic thinking on choosing the upgrading path of "from being to optimum"for current emergency plans , and it plays an important guidance effect for compiling , revising and managing environmental e-mergency plans of county-level government and ICD .%产业集聚区是新常态下区域经济发展的重要载体,集聚区应急预案已成为产业集聚区突发事件责任主体准备程度和处置能力的集中体现.针对笔者参加预案评审和大量一线调研发现的区县级产业集聚区突发环境事件应急预案存在事件分级不清、机构设置混乱与处置程序笼统等典型问题,研究提出了基于责任主体的事件等级与响应级别划分方法、绩效评价导向的应急机构设置与职责分工匹配模式和基于模拟演练的应急处置程序与履责路径刻画的区县级产业集聚区突发环境事件应急预案编制参考意见.本研究是当前应急预案"从有到优"升级路径选择的现实思考,对区县级政府/产业集聚区突发环境事件应急预案修编管理具有重要指导作用.
  • 摘要：安全生产与经济社会发展密切相关,历年国家五年规划纲要所明确的一系列经济社会发展体制机制改革和政策措施实施,都直接或间接影响着安全发展进程与成效.在对我国《"十三五"规划纲要》中283项相关事项梳理的基础上,坚持政策评估和风险评价相结合的原则,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,邀请专家学者从机遇、挑战、积极影响、消极影响4个维度,分重大、较大、一般3个层级对相关事项进行逐项量化评估.根据评估结果和量化计算模型,就《"十三五"规划纲要》对安全生产可能产生的整体战略影响进行了深入分析,并与《"十二五"规划纲要》影响进行比对,给出了有关宏观决策建议.%On the basis of combing the 283 related matters mentioned in the 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of China , adhering to the principle of combining policy evaluation with risk assessment , the related matters were evaluated quantitatively one by one from four dimensions such as opportunities , challenges , positive effect and negative effect and three levels such as significant , large and general with the combined qualitative and quantitative methods by inviting the experts and scholars .According to the evaluation results and the quantitative calculation model , the possible impact of the 13 th Five-Year Plan on the overall strategy of work safety was deeply analyzed and compared with the influence of the 12 th Five-Year Plan.Finally, some macro decision suggestions were presented .

    中国安全生产科学技术的期刊信息

    • 曾用名：中国职业安全卫生管理体系认证;世界劳动安全卫生动态;劳动保护科学技术
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