春秋时期“左”“右”职官尊卑考辨--以《左传》等史料为考察依据

摘要

The localizers "left"and "right"in the feudal society were endowed with superiority and inferiority ."Left"and"right"official positions were also endowed with the cultural connotations of superiority and inferiority . Although the unified official system had not been established during the Spring and Autumn period ,in many states the localizers "left"and"right"were used in official positions to express superiority or inferiority .According to the historical data from ZuoZhuan,the paper analyses the cultural psychology in different states during the Spring and Autumn period in which "left"or "right"official position were admired ."Right"official position was admired in the states of Zhou,Zheng,Jin,Qi and Lu;while whether"left"or"right"official position was admired in the state of Song was time-varying .%方位词“左”、“右”在封建等级社会中被赋予上下、尊卑文化色彩。同样，其组合成的各类左、右职官必然具有尊卑、大小的文化内涵。春秋时期虽然全国还没有形成统一的官吏制度，但许多诸侯国的职官名称中却大都包含方位词“左”、“右”来表示其职位与权力的高低、贵贱。依据《左传》等有关史料，分析和考辨春秋时期各诸侯国以及各个时期尚左、尚右的文化心理及其职官尊卑状况。周王室、郑国、晋国、齐、郑国、鲁等官职以右为上；宋国的官制尊左、尊右因时世不同而有变动。