施氮量和种植密度对镇麦168子粒产量与品质的影响

摘要

为了探明小麦产量与品质协同提高的最佳施氮量和种植密度，制定合理的栽培措施，为实现高产优质提供理论依据，本试验以高产红皮强筋小麦品种镇麦168为试材，在大田条件下设3个施氮水平（ N 240、300、360 kg/hm2）和5个种植密度（135×104、180×104、225×104、270×104、330×104 seedlings/hm2），研究了施氮量和种植密度对镇麦168子粒产量与品质的影响。结果表明，施氮量和种植密度均显著影响镇麦168的产量及其产量构成因素。镇麦168的子粒产量随施氮量和种植密度的增加而增加，但施氮水平为N 300和360 kg/hm2的处理间子粒产量差异不显著；当种植密度为270×104 seedlings/hm2时，镇麦168的子粒产量最高。穗数随施氮量和种植密度的增加而增加，穗粒数和千粒重则随种植密度的增加而逐渐降低，施氮量对穗粒数和千粒重的影响不显著。增施氮肥可显著提高镇麦168子粒蛋白质和湿面筋含量并改善面团流变学特性，增加种植密度有降低湿面筋含量和弱化度的趋势，种植密度对子粒蛋白质含量，面团吸水率、形成时间和稳定时间的影响不显著。在本试验条件下，实现镇麦168高产与优质的适宜施氮量为N 300 kg/hm2，种植密度为270×104 seedlings/hm2。%In order to verify the optimum nitrogen application rate and planting denisty for high yield and better quality in wheat production , and provide basis for establishment of rational cultivation management , a wheat cultivar, Zhenmai 168 with red seed coat and strong gluten was used as experiment material .The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen application rate ( N 240, 300 and 360 kg/ha) and planting denisty (135 × 104 , 180 ×104 , 225 ×104 , 270 ×104 and 330 ×104 seedlings/ha) on grain yield, yield components and grain quality of Zhenmai 168 in the years of 2011-2012.The results indicate that the nitrogen level and planting denisty show significant effects on grain yield and yield components .The grain yield is increased with the increase of N level and planting denisty , however , there is no significant difference between N 300 and 360 kg/ha on grain yield . The plant density for the highest grain yield is 270 ×104 seedlings/ha.Increasing N level and planting denisty significantly increase the number of spikes per unit .The effect of the N level on grains per spike and thousand grain weight is not obvious , however , grains per spike and thousand grain weight are decreased with the increase of planting denisty .Increasing the level of N significantly increases grain protein and wet gluten content , and improves the dough rheological properties .Increasing planting denisty decreases wet gluten content and dough softening degree , however , planting denisty does not result in a significant change in grain protein content , dough water absorption , development time and stability time .In this study , as far as the grain yield and quality factors are concerned , the optimal nitrogen application rate and planting denisty for Zhenmai 168 are N 300 kg/ha and 270 ×104 seedlings/ha, respectively .