北京中关村西区地下停车系统出入口交通特性分析

摘要

An efficient entrance and exit location in urban underground parking system that minimizes the impact of parking vehicles on traffic flows on the urban roadways was studied.Through an investigation on the traffic situation of connection area between the urban main roads and the underground parking gate-ways in the West district of Zhongguancun in Beijing,and the traffic characteristics were analyzed by cal-culating traffic flow ratio between entering and exiting in gateway area.Using parameters (including the scale of underground parking,the number of gateways,the length of ramp in entrances and exits,the length and width of underground motor vehicle circle corridor,the number of underground parking and the average speed of motor vehicles in underground parking)as components in an analogue simulation of Vis-sim traffic modeling,traffic characteristics were revealed for different time sections (flat peak and peak pe-riod of working days,as well as weekends),with evaluation indicators such as average travel time,average time delayed,average queue length and parking times.Due to the changing traffic flow in entrance and exit junction,these evaluation indicators show variations at different time sections.These variations are more relevant at the rush time of working days than at the rush time of weekends.%为了科学合理地设置地下停车场出入口，减少出入口对城市道路交通的影响，通过对北京中关村西区地下停车系统出入口与城市主干道接驳处交通运行情况的现场调研，分析了出入口于主干道的交通特性，得到了出入口驶入和驶出的交通流比例和交通流量。利用 Vissim 交通仿真模拟，将地下停车场规模、出入口数量、出入口坡道长度、地下机动车环廊长度和车道宽度、地下停车泊位数、地下车辆平均车速等指标作为仿真评价的阙值，提出了地下停车系统出入口与地面道路衔接段在平峰、工作日和周末早晚高峰时期的平均行程时间、平均延误时间、平均排队长度和停车次数等评价指标，明确了出入口接驳处的交通特性。研究结果表明，由于地下停车系统出入口接驳处主干道交通流量的不同，不同时段的出入口评价指标有明显变化，且工作日早晚高峰评价指标相对周末早晚高峰较高。