基于声源叠加原理的大型号角扬声器声辐射特性分析

摘要

The horn-loaded loudspeaker has advantages of strong direction performance , high output power ,high efficiency and so on .Hence , there is significant value in analyzing the acoustic radiation characteristics of the horn -loaded loudspeaker for the design of high intensity noise weapons and sound amplifying equpments .The analytical method in this paper is the numerical method .At present , the BEM ( boundrary element method ) is the main choice for the sound field analysis .However , it is only available for low and medium frequencies .Considering this , we use a new numerical method called source superposition technique to analyse the acoustic characterasitcs of the horn-louded loudspeaker .Its basic idea is to assume a solution as a series summation of basis functions satisfying the governing partial differential equation everywhere in domain .Firstly, to evaluate this technique effectively , a rigor-ous comparison with both known analytical solution and BEM method is done .And provened results show that it has simpler algorithm and higher speed .Then , we analysed the acoustic characterastics of two typical shapes of horn-loaded loudspeakers ,exponential and conical horns;this comparison leads to some useful conclusions that are of val-uable significance to the design of the horn-loaded speaker .%针对大型号角扬声器，文中采用一种新的数值方法即声源叠加法进行建模计算和分析，该方法将声场的解表示为一系列满足控制偏微分方程的基函数（偶极子或单极子）加权叠加的形式，具有算法简单、精度高的优点。对1个简化号角扬声器，分别利用声源叠加模型、解析法、边界元法计算并进行对比分析，验证了该方法的正确性和优势。最后利用它分析了2种常用的号角扬声器，即指数形号角扬声器和圆锥形号角扬声器的声辐射特性，得到了一些有价值的规律，对于扬声器设计具有很好的参考价值。