Cluster analysis of 21 traditional cultivars of Paconia suffruticosa was made by chromosome flaking and karyotype resemblance-near coefficient in order to survey taxonomy and relationship between different flower types and chromosome variation. Results showed that each material was diploid with 10 chromosomes except that ' Shouanhong' was triploid with 15 chromosomes. The karyotypes of all cultivars were 2A, a type of symmetrical karyotype except for ' Qielan Dansha' with 2B. An obvious difference in asymmetrical karyotype coefficients was observed between different flower types. It indicated that ' Chilong Huancai' was primeval and ' Shouanhong' and ' Qielan Dansha' were evolutional. The clustering results showed that the relationships between 'Doulu' and ' Yaohuang' as well as 'Lantianyu' and 'Zhaofen' were the closest which all belong to crown form. However, there were the maximal karyotype resemblance-near coefficient (0.880 8) , and the minimum evolutionary distance (0. 1595) between ' Baiyu' and ' Weizi' which both belong to crown form, indicating the widest genetic relationship. The results of this research mostly agreed with the phylogeny based on the flower type of P. suffruticosa.%为了探讨牡丹传统品种的系统进化及花型与染色体变异之间的关系,采用常规制片法对7类花型的21个中原牡丹传统品种材料进行了核型分析,并通过核型似近系数对供试材料进行了聚类.结果表明:除‘首案红’的染色体为三倍体(2n=15)之外,其他20个品种的染色体均为二倍体(2n=10);‘茄蓝丹砂’的核型类型为2B,其余均为较对称的2A类型;花型间的核型不对称系数差异不显著,由高到低依次为:皇冠型、楼子台阁型、菊花型、千层台阁型、蔷薇型、荷花型,从而证明‘赤龙焕彩’较原始,而‘首案红’和‘茄蓝丹砂’较进化.通过聚类分析得到,皇冠型的‘豆绿’与‘姚黄’及‘蓝田玉’与‘赵粉’亲缘关系最近,遗传背景相似;而同属皇冠型‘白玉’与‘魏紫’似近系数最小(0.8808),进化距离最大(0.159 5),亲缘关系最远.核型分类结果部分支持目前牡丹依据花型进行分类的结果.
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