刘向歆父子的校书实践与校理思想

摘要

In the Han Dynasty, cultural activities experienced great prosperity, and it was also a "free and conscious" period in the history of compiling and editorial ideology. In that period, both official and private collection of literature, the compiling, reservation and communication were also unprecedented. In the late West Han Dynasty, LIU Xiang and his son, LIU Xin, were summoned by the emperor to collect, sort and compile literatures, which was officially launched. LIU Xiang proofread and compiled Confucian canon, works of famous philosophers, poems and proses. He also sorted their contents and wrote summaries for these literatures. LIU Xin succeeded his father's work and compiled Seven Strategies (Qi Lue) on the basis of Book of Contents (Bie Lu). The official wishes, cultural thoughts and compiling practice helped to shape the mature ideology of LIU Xiang and LIU Xin, who has long been renowned in the history of compilation.%两汉是我国历史上文化事业高度繁荣的时期，也是我国编辑史、编辑思想史上的“自由自觉”时代。这一时期，无论是官私的文献收集整理，还是编纂、典藏和传播，其规模和频次都是空前的。西汉晚期，刘向刘歆父子应诏进行了两汉时期规模最大的一次官方图书收集、整理和编纂活动。刘向领校秘书，亲校经传、诸子、诗赋，并条其篇目，撮其指意，别集众录。刘歆子承父业，在其父《别录》的基础上编撰成《七略》。西汉的官方意志、文化思潮以及长期的校书实践，孕育了刘向歆父子丰富成熟的编辑思想，概括起来主要有“依经立义”、“包容会通”、“辨章学术”、“以类相从”等四个方面。刘向歆父子的校理活动和校理思想，在中国编辑史、编辑思想史上享有崇高地位，对后世影响极为深远。