人的本质是一切社会关系的总和这一规定，奠定了社会关系在马克思现代性批判中的本体论地位。正是把现实性的社会关系理解为人的本质规定性，以之取代了抽象的类本质，马克思才实现了从异化到物化的逻辑转换。马克思把现代性理解为一种社会关系，他的物化批判也就主要围绕现代性社会关系批判展开。马克思在批判旧世界的过程中发现新世界，其现代性批判的内核表现为一种现代性的辩证法，这种超越不仅是一种理论中的超越，更是一种现实中的超越。%Marx defined the essence of mankind as the sum of all social relations. This definition determines the ontological position of social relations in his critique of modernity. Only when he understood the real social relations rather than the abstract human nature as the defining feature of human beings did Marx accomplish his logical transformation from alienation to reification. He believed modernity is a certain kind of social relation and therefore focused his alienation theory on criticizing the modern social relations. He found a new world while criticizing the old one and the core of his critique of modernity represents itself as a kind of modernist dialectics. This change in Marxism is a great achievement not only in theory but also in reality.
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